1907] Hall. Compositae of Southern California. 25 



the base. Style-branches short, commonly united up to the 

 obtuse tips, commonly with a pubescent ring below. Pappus 

 bristly or plumose, rarely paleaceous or wanting. 

 Achenes inserted on the receptacle by their very base. 

 Filaments distinct. 



Pappus rough but not plumose: involucral bracts with uncinate tips 



96. AKCTIUM, p. 236. 



Pappus plumose: involucral bracts not uncinate. 



Receptacle dry: native species 97. CARDUUS, p. 236. 



Receptacle fleshy-thickened: garden escapes.. ..98. CYNARA, p. 243. 



Filaments united below into a tube 99. SILYBUM, p. 242. 



Achenes obliquely inserted on the receptacle 100. CENTAUREA, p. 243. 



TRIBE 11. MUTISIEAE. MUTISIA TRIBE. 



Herbs and shrubs or rarely twining or arborescent plants, re- 

 stricted almost entirely to Mexico and South America. Leaves 

 alternate. Receptacle mostly naked. Heads in our genera 

 homogamous, the flowers all perfect and the corolla bilabiate. 

 Anthers with long tails at base ; anther-tips also elongated. Style- 

 branches of perfect flowers not appendaged, usually short and 

 blunt, without node below. 



Flowers rose-color or white: receptacle naked 101. PEREZIA, p. 245. 



Flowers yellow: receptacle villous..' 102. TRIXIS, p. 245. 



TRIBE 12. CICHOR1EAE. CHICORY TRIBE. 



Herbs and low shrubs (except two austral genera of trees) 

 with milky juice and alternate or radical leaves. Receptacle 

 naked or with chaff-like bracts, nearly always plane. Heads 

 homogamous. Flowers hermaphrodite and with ligulate corolla ; 

 ligule 5-toothed at the truncate apex; corollas, after flowering, 

 twisted into a cap-like mass which remains on the achenes or in- 

 volucre for some time. Anthers sagittate or auricled at base, 

 commonly with thin rather short appendages at summit. Pollen- 

 grains usually 12-sided. Style-branches semi-cylindric, narrowed 

 towards the ends, stigmatic on their inner side for their whole 

 length. Achenes often excavated at base, the border surrounding 

 a short stipe. 



