134 University of California Publications in Botany. [VOL. 3 



Common on dry hillsides of the Upper Sonoran Zone through- 

 out Southern California, except on the desert; much resembling 

 Helianthus gracilentus in external characters. 



This species connects with E. frutescens through forms from 

 Lower California in which the leaves, heads, and rays are all 

 much reduced in size. Specimens of these southern forms have 

 been repeatedly distributed as E. frutescens but their long-villous 

 involucres and purple disk-flowers are exactly those of E. Cali- 

 fornica. A teratological form occurs at San Diego, first noticed 

 by Mrs. Brandegee, in which the ligules of the ray-flowers are 

 often deeply cleft. Both normal and abnormal flowers are com- 

 monly found in the same head. 



2. E. frutescens Gray, Proc. Am. Acad. viii. 657 (1873). 

 Simsia frutescens Gray, Bot. Mex. Bound. 89 (1859). 



A round-topped bushy shrub 6 to 12 dm. high, the stems com- 

 monly whitened by a rough cinereous pubescence : leaves 1 to 2.5 

 cm. long, ovate to oblong or elliptic, narrowed to a short petiole, 

 hispiduious-scabrous on both sides, or even cinereous-pubescent: 

 peduncles rather long, terminating leafy branchlets, scabrous: 

 involucre white-hispid, 5 to 10 mm. high: rays few in number 

 and 1.5 cm. or less long or lacking : disk-flowers yellow, with pu- 

 bescent teeth : pappus of 2 delicate long-villous awns or wanting. 



Chiefly of the Desert Area, but extending from San Jacinto, 

 Riverside Co., and the Greenhorn Mts., Kern Co., to Arizona and 

 Utah. 



As here characterized, this species includes a number of very 

 perplexing forms. Certain of these have been recognized as dis- 

 tinct species, but the transitions between them are so gradual that 

 a specific segregation seems inadvisable at present. It is pos- 

 sible, moreover, that some of these forms are of hybrid origin, 

 since certain of them exhibit characters of E. Calif ornica, others 

 of E. farinosa. E. frutescens is best distinguished from the 

 former by the shorter and canescent (never villous) hairs of the 

 involucre and by the yellow disk ; from the latter by its inflores- 

 cence and by the scabrous peduncles. The pappus is character- 

 istic when present. The typical form, as first described by Gray, 

 has scabrous and green leaves which are oblong or narrower, and 



