1907] Hall. Compositae of Southern California. 231 



4. S. ionophyllus Greene, Pitt. ii. 20 (1889). 



Erect from a thick perennial caudex: stems several, 2 to 4 

 dm. high, densely leafy below, nearly naked above the middle: 

 herbage lightly floccose-woolly when young but early glabrate. 

 inclined to become reddish especially on the lower parts : lower 

 leaves thick and somewhat fleshy, orbicular, 1 to 3 cm. wide, 

 cordate at base or somewhat tapering to the petiole (this 2 to 6 

 cm. long) , coarsely crenate : middle cauline leaves few, pin- 

 nately parted into linear lobes or the terminal lobe commonly 

 broader and crenate or coarsely toothed : heads in a rather loose 

 terminal cyme (occasionally solitary) : involucre campanulate, 8 

 to 10 mm. high, many-flowered, sparingly calyculate and more 

 or less white-tomentose at base ; bracts 15 to 22, lanceolate : rays 

 showy, light yellow : achenes cylindric, 10-nerved, 5-angled by the 

 strong alternate nerves, glabrous. 



Upper Sonoran and Transition zones : Tehachapi, Kern Co.. 

 Jun. 25, 1889, Greene (type) ; Swarthout Canon, San Antonio 

 Mts., Jun., 1899, Hall: head of Rock Creek, San Gabriel Mts.. 

 JuL, 1893, Davidson; Corkscrew Falls of Bear Creek, San Ber- 

 nardino Mts., 2000 m. alt., Parish, no. 3604: Fish Creek, San Ber- 

 nardino Mts., 2000 m. alt., Grinnell, no. 30 (largest leaves only 

 1.3 cm. wide). 



Many forms of this species are found in the mountains of 

 Southern California and several of the extreme variations have 

 received specific names. The characters on which they are 

 founded, however, are not constant, as shown by the presence of 

 connecting forms. In the typical form the caudex is stout and 

 horizontal, in others it is short, erect, and multicipital. But 

 plants otherwise identical and gathered at the same locality differ 

 in this respect, and the direction the caudex takes is of course in- 

 fluenced by the slope on which the plants grow. The amount of 

 woolliness is likewise an elusive character. In certain specimens 

 some of the basal leaves are green and naked, while other leaves 

 just above them are white-tomentose (Parish, no. 3718). The 

 outline of the leaf may be of value in segregating varieties but is 

 too variable to furnish specific characters. The rounded basal 

 leaves are seldom more than coarsely crenate or dentate; yet in 

 many specimens we find rounded crenate leaves neighboring with 



