240 University of California Publications in Botany. [VOL. 3 



into a slender spine; the outer ones appressed at base, then 

 spreading, the tips either again incurved or straight or deflexed ; 

 innermost bracts erect: flowers bright crimson: corolla-lobes 

 longer than the throat. Zaca Mt., Santa Barbara Co., Jun., 1902. 

 Miss Eastwood; eastern base of Mt. Pinos, Ventura Co., Hall, 

 no. 6693 ; inner Coast Ranges and Sierra Nevada Mts. to Nevada. 



Var. candidissimus (Greene) Hall, comb. nov. C. candidissi- 

 mus Greene, Proc. Phila. Acad. for 1892, 359 (1893). Whole 

 herbage almost snow-white with a close persistent tomentum: 

 bracts of the involucre appressed at base, all but the innermost 

 squarrose-spreading or recurved from the middle, festooned with 

 cobwebby hairs: flowers crimson: corolla-segments longer than 

 the throat, their tips somewhat dilated. Near the coast at Santa 

 Barbara, ace. to Greene; San Emigdio Canon and Tehachapi, 

 Kern Co., 1894, Miss Eastwood: plentiful in northeastern Cali- 

 fornia. 



Typical C. occidentalis belongs to the Coastal Subarea; the 

 var. Coulteri to the mountains bordering on the hot interior val- 

 leys and deserts ; var. candidissimus is apparently a mere form of 

 var. Coulteri. In traversing these areas all gradations from 

 the species into its varieties are met with. Intermediate forms 

 between the type form and var. Coulteri are plentiful in the vicin- 

 ity of Elizabeth Lake, Los Angeles Co. The bracts of var. can- 

 didissimus seem much more rigid than those of var. Coulteri, but 

 when the dense wool is removed this apparent difference vanishes. 



5. C. Californicus (Gray) Greene, Proc. Phila. Acad. for 

 1892, 359 (1893). Cirsium Calif ornicum Gray, Pacif. E. Kept, 

 iv. pt. 5, 112 (1857). Cnicus Californicus Gray, Proc. Am. 

 Acad. x. 45 (1874). Carduus lilacinus and C. neglectus Greene 

 Bull. Calif. Acad. ii. 404 (1887). 



Stem tall and paniculately branching, often 15 to 25 dm. high, 

 very leafy toward the base, the white wool more or less deciduous, 

 leaves narrow, mostly 1 to 2 or 3 dm. long, from sinuately to 

 deeply pinnatifid, moderately spinose : heads solitary on the long 

 peduncles: involucre hemispheric, somewhat woolly, 2 to 3 cm. 

 high ; outer bracts with coriaceous base and lanceolate spreading 

 but at last incurved upper portion, the terminal prickle slender; 



