242 University of California Publications in Botany. [VOL. 3 



C. OCHROCENTRUS (Gray) Greene is to be expected along our 

 northeastern borders. It differs from C. Mohavensis in its pinna- 

 tifid scarcely decurrent leaves. 



98. CYNARA L. 



Mostly robust herbs with alternate pinnatifid leaves and very 

 large solitary globose heads. Involucre imbricated; its bracts 

 broad, coriaceous, terminating in long spines (or spineless in the 

 cultivated varieties). Receptacle fleshy, alveolate-fimbrillate. 

 Flowers all perfect. Corolla tubular, the segments narrow. 

 Achenes obovate-oblong, 4-angled, smooth. Pappus in several 

 series ; its bristles connate at base and deciduous in a ring, plum- 

 ose or those of marginal achenes smooth. An Old World genus, 

 two species sparingly naturalized in California. 



Leaves and involucral bracts unarmed 1. C. Scolymus. 



Leaves and involucral bracts spinose 2. C. Cardunculus. 



1. C. Scolymus L., Sp. PL 827 (1753). ARTICHOKE. 



Stem fleshy, striate, corymbosely branched above : leaves very 

 ample, bipinnatifid, the lobes acute but scarcely spinose, tomen- 

 tose at least beneath : heads 6 cm. or more wide : outer bracts of 

 the involucre with thickened obtuse or acute tips ; the inner bracts 

 with scarious tips : flowers blue. 



An occasional escape from gardens near Los Angeles, ace. to 

 Abrams. 



2. C. Cardunculus L., Sp. PL 827 (1753). CARDOON. 

 Perhaps only a cultural variety of C. Scolymus : leaf -lobes and 



involucral bracts short-spinose. 



A garden escape at San Bernardino and well established at 

 Trujillo's Ranch, San Diego Co., both ace. to Parish. 60 



99. SILYBUM Vaill. 



Annual or biennial herbs with very ample prickly clasping 

 leaves, these smooth and shining above and very conspicuously 

 blotched with white along the veins. Heads very large, solitary 



eoEryth. vii. 97 (1899). 



