1907] Hall. Compositae of Southern California. 261 



Western Nevada, Wheeler, and near Pyramid Lake, Nevada. 

 Lemmon, both. ace. to Gray; Wadsworth, Nevada, Miss Stokes; 

 Gold Mt., Nevada, Purpus, no. 5953 ; Candelaria, Nevada, Shock- 

 Icy, no. 567 ; Eastern Oregon, Cusick, no. 2019. 



110. RAFINESQUIA Nutt. 



Stout and sometimes fistulous glabrous branching annuals. 

 Leaves toothed or pinnatifid. Panicle more or less cymosely 

 branching. Heads 15 to 30-flowered. Involucre in anthesis 

 cunical-cylindraceous. Flowers white, the outer ligules more or 

 less tinged with rose-color; ligules unequal. Receptacle flat, 

 naked. Achenes terete, with a few obscure ribs, excavated at the 

 insertion but with callous thickening. Pappus-bristles capillary, 

 10 to 15, long-plumose from the base to near the tip. 



Pappus dull white: achenes with very slender beak 1. E. Calif ornica. 



Pappus bright white : achenes with very stout beak ....2. R. Neo-Mexicana. 



1. R. Californica Nutt., Trans. Am. Philos. Soc. ser. 2, vii. 

 429 (1841). Nemoseris Californica Greene, Pitt. ii. 193 (1891). 



Robust, branching above, 3 to 25 dm. high: leaves oblong in 

 outline, pinnatifid to denticulate or almost entire, sessile and 

 auriculate-clasping or the lowermost narrowed to a winged petiole. 

 15 cm. less or long; those of the inflorescence much reduced and 

 often spinulose-toothed and angular : involucre 16 to 18 mm. high, 

 of 11 to 15 (or even 22) linear or lanceolate-acuminate main 

 bracts with some loose subulate ones at base : ligules short, white : 

 beak of achene as long as the body : pappus dull white. 



Beneath foothill shrubs almost throughout the state; also re- 

 ported from Oregon and Arizona. Very common in the Upper 

 Sonoran Zone ; only casual in the Lower Sonoran. 



2. R. Neo-Mexicana Gray, PL Wright, ii. 103 (1853). Nem- 

 oseris Neo-Mexicana Greene, Pitt. ii. 193 (1891). 



Plant 2 to 6 dm. high ; the stem rather weak, branching : lower 

 leaves oblong or oblanceolate in outline, from toothed to saliently 

 lobed; the lower cauline narrower and runcinately parted into 

 linear lobes; the uppermost reduced to minute usually spinulose 

 bracts ; all but the lowest with auriculate-clasping base : involucre 

 narrow, in fruit about 20 (18 to 25) mm. high, of 8 to 10 main 



