272 University of California Publications in Botany. [VOL. 3 



no. 6870 from Fremonts Peak. The two species sometimes grow 

 side by side. 



115. TARAXACUM Haller. 



Perennial acaulescent herbs with pinnatifid or toothed leaves 

 all in a basal tuft and large heads of yellow flowers terminating 

 usually simple and naked hollow scapes. Principal bracts of the 

 involucre nearly equal, the outer much shorter and in several 

 series. Receptacle flat, naked. Rays 5-toothed at the truncate 

 summit. Achenes oblong or linear-fusiform, 4 or 5-angled, 5 to 

 10-nerved, somewhat spinulose above, tapering into a slender 

 beak which bears at its summit a copious pappus of unequal per- 

 sistent bristles. 



1. T. officinale Weber, Prim. Fl. Hols. 56 (1780). Leontodon 

 Taraxacum L., Sp. PI. 798 (1753). Taraxacum Dens-leonis 

 Desf., Fl. Atlant. ii. 228 (1800). T. Taraxacum Karst, Deutsch. 

 Fl. 1138 (1880-83). DANDELION. 



Root thick and long, bitter : leaves oblong or spatulate in out- 

 line, irregularly dentate to sinuate-pinnatifid, from a few cm. to 

 nearly 3 dm. long, usually pubescent when young and somewhat 

 succulent: inner bracts of the involucre linear or linear-lanceo- 

 late, acute, 10 to 15 mm. long; outer ones similar but shorter, 

 reflexed : flowers yellow : pappus brownish or white, maturing into 

 a globose mass. 



Occasional in lawns but not becoming naturalized. Intro- 

 duced from Europe. 



Var. lividum (Waldst. & Kit.) Koch, FL Germ. 428 (1837). 

 Leontodon lividus Waldst. & Kit., PI. Rar. Hung. ii. 120 (1805). 

 Taraxacum lividum Heller, Bull. Torr. Club xxiv. 480 (1897). 

 Outer involucral bracts broadly ovate to ovate-lanceolate. Wet 

 meadows at 1800 to 2500 m., Little Bear Valley, Bear Valley ; 

 and Bluff Lake, all in the San Bernardino Mts., Parish; South 

 Fork Meadows, San Bernardino Mts., Hall, no. 7512 ; boreal and 

 arctic regions generally. 



116. SONCHUSL. SOW-THISTLE. 



Leafy-stemmed coarse succulent herbs, chiefly smooth and 

 glaucous. Heads cymose or umbellate, swollen at base or jug- 

 shaped. Involucral bracts few, thin, with many shorter ones at 



