STARTING THE ORCHARD 33 



been carried out with marked success by various 

 practical fruit growers. If, then, mixed planting is 

 to be undertaken in certain cases, we come back to the 

 important question as to what methods are most likely 

 to give success. 



.We have already briefly considered the question as 

 to whether fillers should be of the same species as the 

 permanent trees. It is doubtless safer to have them 

 so. There are certain varieties which come early 

 into bearing, and some of these are comparatively 

 small trees and may be put in the temporary rows. 

 Missouri Pippin and Winesap are generally recom- 

 mended for the West; in the East experience has not 

 settled upon any particular varieties except Wealthy. 

 Fameuse fills the requirements to a certain extent 

 where it is a market variety. In Nova Scotia I find 

 that Ben Davis is being considerably used for this 

 purpose, which will certainly be a surprise to the men 

 in the "land of the big red apple." In the northern 

 states and certain portions of Canada, Wealthy has 

 been generally recommended; and persons who are 

 inclined to grow Wagener will find that tree suitable 

 to the purpose in hand. 



In many cases it seems best to have the temporary 

 trees of the same variety as the permanent ones that 

 is, if one is planting a permanent orchard of Ben 

 Davis with trees 40 feet apart, he may put in an extra 

 row of Ben Davis half way between. He will thus 

 have during the first few years a Ben Davis orchard 

 with trees 20 feet apart. 



It will be seen in the presentation of the arguments 

 above that the writer does not believe it altogether an 

 impossible practice to use stone fruits for fillers in an 

 apple orchard. While the peach has doubtless been 



