METHODS OF CULTIVATION 67 



can be easily varied. For very light smoothing on 

 well-prepared ground the teeth are set so as to slant 

 backward at a considerable angle. As the teeth are set 

 more and more nearly straight up and down they cut 

 deeper and deeper into the soil; so that, in loose 

 ground, they can be made to do a good deal of dig- 

 ging. 



THE GRAPE HOE FOR CLOSE CULTIVATION 



These smoothing harrows are also often made now- 

 adays with extension wings for running up under the 

 orchard trees. Such a harrow, adjusted in this way, is 

 one of the best implements known for surface cultiva- 

 tion on most soils during the summer. It fails only on 

 very hard, very stony or very trashy land. 



Other cultivators, such as those of the Planet Junior 

 type, are sometimes used in fruit plantations. The 



