June 7, 1906 



THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 



483 



J. H. HAMBAUGH 



Some weeks ago we announced the death of Hon. J. M. 

 Hambaugh, once a leading bee-keeper in Illinois, and later 

 residing in Southern California. Mr. Hambaugh was born 

 in Versailles, Brown Co., 111., July 16, 1846, being nearly 60 

 years of age at his death. His father was one of the first 

 settlers in that part of the county, where, at one time, he 

 and his brother owned about 900 acres of land, and was 

 known as one of the best farmers of the time. In 1842 the 

 father was elected a member of the Illinois Legislature. 



Joseph M. Hambaugh, the youngest of the family, re- 

 mained on the old homestead until he was SO years of age, 

 when he was forced to leave for a warmer climate on ac- 

 count of failing health, going to Escondido, Calif., where 

 he lived until his death. In 1890 he also was a member of 

 the Illinois Legislature. For many years he was prominent 

 in bee-keeping organizations, being President of the Illinois 

 State Bee-Keepers' Association, and he, with James A. 

 Stone, the present Secretary of the Illinois State Associa- 

 tion, prepared and installed the Illinois apiarian exhibit at 

 the Columbian Exposition here in Chicago, in 1893. 



Mr. Hambaugh left a wife and 4 children to mourn his 

 loss, 2 children having passed on before him. 



He removed to California with his family in 1895, where 

 he bought a fruit and grain ranch in the beautiful Twin 

 Oaks Valley. He also established an apiary near his home, 

 to which he devoted most of his time. For the past 2 years 

 his health has not been good, a cancer developing on his 

 neck and causing his death on April 5, 1906. 



The first notice we received of the death of Mr. Ham- 

 baugh was from G. F. Merriam, who knew Mr. H. in his 

 California home. Referring to the cancer which resulted in 

 his death, Mr. Merriam wrote as follows on April 17 : 



It is a pitiful case. Mr. Hambaugh was first taken a year ago 

 while in Nevada attending his bees. He came home last July, went to 

 Los Angeles last fall, but had to give up work. He thought the can- 

 cer was simply a tumor, and was taken to a hospital in Los Angeles to 

 have it removed. There they told him it was a cancer, and a hopeless 

 case. They would not cut it out, saying he could live only a short 

 time. Then he asked to be taken home to his family, and died in 

 about 3 weeks. G. F. Mehriam. 



Mr. M. H. Mendleson, perhaps the most extensive bee- 

 keeper in Southern California, and also a Director of the 

 National Bee-Keepers' Association, referring to Mr. Ham- 

 baugh, says this : 



I was very sorry to hear of Mr. Hambaugh's death. He was a 

 good man, and it must have been hard for him to part from his friends 

 and family. It is a hard death to die. M. H. Mendleson. 



We were personally acquainted with Mr. Hambaugh, 

 and held him in very high esteem. He certainly was a 

 successful and enthusiastic bee-keeper, and did all he could 

 to advance the pursuit in which he took so deep an interest. 

 We last met him at the National Convention held in Los 

 Angeles, Calif., in August, 1903. We had not seen him for 

 10 years. He had aged somewhat, but was the same genial 

 bee-keeping brother of other years. He will be missed in 

 the conventions of bee-keepers, and most of all in the fam- 

 ily circle where he was so greatly beloved. 



Honey as a Health-Food. — -This is a 16-page honey- 

 pamphlet intended to help increase the demand for honey. 

 The first part of it contains a short article on "Honey as 

 Food,'" written by Dr. C. C. Miller. It tells where to keep 

 honey, how to liquefy it, etc. The last part is devoted to 

 "Honey-Cooking Recipes" and "Remedies Using Honey." 

 It should be widely circulated by those selling honey. The 

 more the people are educated on the value and uses of 

 honey, the more honey they will buy. 



Prices, prepaid — Sample copy for a two-cent stamp; 50 

 copies for 70 cts.; 100 for $1.25; 250 for $2.25; 500 for $4.00; 

 or 1,000 for $7.50. Your business card printed free at the 

 bottom of front page on all orders for 100 or more copies. 

 Send all orders to the office of the American Bee Journal. 



+ (£ontrtbuteb + 

 Special Clrticles 



Rearing Queens— Dangers of Mixing Races 



BY DR. G. BOHRER. 



I SEE by the advertisements of a number of queen-breed- 

 ers that they are to breed and put on the market queens 

 of different races of bees — Italians, Caucasians, Camio- 

 lans, Cyprians and the Holy Lands. Now, while it is possi- 

 ble to breed these different races and keep them pure, it is 

 not altogether probably that all queen-breeders will succeed. 

 At any rate, I feel quite well convinced that, in the past, 

 amalgamation has been going on through rearing queens of 

 different races in apiaries situated 3 to 6 miles apart. 



I .purchased my first Italian queen in 1864 from Rev. 

 L. L. Langstroth, and in 1866 I purchased another one from 

 him. And while I then got the impression that the Italians 

 were not a distinct race of bees (in which view Mr. Lang- 

 stroth concurred), I now am much disposed to think that in 

 the matters of size, mildness of disposition, and uniformity 

 of color, there had not been any improvement since the '60's, 

 as far as my observation has afforded information touching 

 these questions. 



Very many queens sent out from a number of queen-breed- 

 ers do not duplicate themselves in their queen progeny uni- 

 formly; quite a number of them show a dash of foreign 

 blood," while many of their workers do not show 3 distinct 

 yellow bands, and some of them but 1 distinctly. This shows 

 black blood. Others show the 3 yellow bands uniformly, but 

 in disposition are as cross as they can be, and are very hard 

 to subdue. Besides, they are not as large as the queens 

 I reared during the '6o's. The bees I then reared I handled 

 much of the time without bee hat or gloves. In fact, I 

 never put on gloves while I kept bees in Indiana, which I 

 did until the fall of 1873, when I moved to Kansas, and kept 

 no bees from that date until 3 years ago. 



During the past 3 years I have gotten queens from dif- 

 ferent breeders, and as far as I know, all of them are up-to- 

 date breeders and honorable gentlemen, so that I have no 

 fault to find with their efforts at pure queen-breeding. But 

 unless the apiaries in which they breed queens are located 

 from 5 to 10 miles apart, I think it highly probable that 

 mismating is going on to a greater or less extent all the 

 time. The result must be no improvement in color where 

 Carniolan blood is by this means bred into the queens 

 reared, but the inclination to over-swarming is cultivated, 

 as I understand the Carniolans are too much given to swarm- 

 ing to be profitable as honey-gatherers. 



Where Cyprians are reared within reach of Italians an 

 ill-temper will creep in, which, while it may not injure their 

 habits as to energy, does make them undesirable to 

 handle. Besides, I understand the Cyprians are slightly 

 smaller than the best Italians, so there will be no ad- 

 vantage in such a cross, either in favor of size or disposi- 

 tion. But the tendency is to dwarf the offspring, and, if 

 there be any real difference in the matter of long or short 

 tongues, the longest tongues will be found among the higher 

 grades of the Italians, which race of bees, with careful 

 breeding in apiaries situated so far from all other races of 

 bees or poorly bred stock of Italians that there is no possi- 

 bility of amalgamation, will, in my judgment, bring the most 

 desirable results. 



Instead of sending out Caucasian queens from the En- 

 tomological Department at Washington, D. C, as Dr. Phil- 

 lips proposes to do, I would add another specification to the 

 deal, namely, I would require those receiving the queens 

 he sends out to keep them during the honey-flow and breed- 

 ing season at least 10 miles distant from all other bees 

 of whatsoever kind, and require a careful record to be kept 

 concerning their qualities in disposition, size, and honey- 

 gathering. Then, by comparing results with the results from 

 the best grades of Italians, we could derive information that 

 might prove advantageous to the bee-keeping public gen- 

 erally. 



When I began queen-breeding, in 1864, I had not seen, 

 nor heard of the 4 and 5 banded Italians, nor have I been 

 advised as to where they wore imported from, or whether 



