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THE AMERICAN BEE JOURNAL 



June 14, 1906 



bees where they will be protected till ready for their winter 

 storage. Where stored in a room, they must be looked after, 

 and fumigated if the moth becomes troublesome. 



Combs containing much pollen under honey are distin- 

 guishable from those without, by holding them up before a 

 strong light and looking through them, unless the combs are 

 very old and the cells filled with the cocoons left from the 

 maturing brood. 



When spring opens I again take the opportunity of 

 placing all combs I have on hand containing pollen, near the 

 brood, and find that this, together with the honey stored over 

 the pollen, which honey has to be removed before the bees 

 can get at the pollen, answers a better purpose for stimu- 

 lating brood-rearing at this time of the year, than the feeding 

 of pea, rye, or oat meal, as some recommend. In this way 

 the pollen is used up to a far better advantage than by in- 

 venting a machine to remove it from the combs, and saves all 

 trouble of soaking or melting the combs as well. 



Borodino, N. Y. 



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Conducted by Morlet Pettit, Villa Nova, Ont. 



Specialize in Bee-Keeping- 



A plea for specialization in bee-keeping-, by L,. B. Bell 

 of Arizona, appears in Farm, Field and Fireside. After 

 speaking of the troubles of mixed farming and bee-keeping, 



fi i? hMikt t R h ff W H a u ftI1 amateu J V? compete with men equipped for the 

 to of N^w Yort? ' adS ' GU1 ' ° f Colorado - or ^exan- 



work B ed t ' U n°" r T^' eU K f y /' " ^ese men began in a small way and 

 Stif' m , ; b" 1 lf you've got the bee-fever so bad you just 

 1p«,J It I ° ' g .° and s P e nd a season with some of these men and 

 wil,hnnf.°k° e8 f f/°. re 7 °X pU V a dollar int0 U - Most ot th ^e men 



*n ilnn fV. ? F ', y /"? eD t0 that ' aDd y° U WOUld - t0 °> « JO" COUld 



lre C k s ?hirP„l ai1 °' the ; irking up "process aid see how many 

 ■ wrecks there are and how few got there. 



Human life is too short to have any of it wasted in dabbling. 



A Bumble-Bee Apiarist 



^J^u/Jt^ Kell yj ' Elgin Co., Ont., is a farmer who makes a 

 specialty of sheep and clover seed, and also keeps bees. He recentlv 

 thTrl^ , a ° ' n e enious system of ensuring the fertilization of 

 ™n,?l u 0SS l? S l He pays tne b °ysof the neighborhood 25 



cents for every bumble-bee's nest they locate for him. This he then 

 moves to his own premises. He inverts over the nest a funnel-shaned 

 screen, with a small hole in the top leading into a little box. Bv stir- 

 ring up the bees he gets them all into the box, and then takes up the 

 nest and transports bees and all to some convenient spot on his farm 

 in this way he has almost il cornered " the bumble-bees of his neigh- 

 borhood. In winter he protects them from mice by putting over the 

 nest an oblong hardwood box, say 20 inches long by 10 or 12 inches wide 

 and the same height. A small hole, protected by a piece of tin to pre- 

 vent mice gnawing it larger, permits egress and ingress of the queen 

 As a result of his pains, Mr. Kelly grows large fields of clover seed' 

 averaging 4 or o bushels per acre. Those living near him get good 

 crops of seed. 6 swu 



Mr. Kelly related an interesting experience of one year when he 

 had pastured with sheep a field of red clover, taking the sheep off 

 June 15 The second crop blossomed beautifully, and neighbors de- 

 clared it the finest they had ever seen. It was, however, a little too 

 early for the bumble-bees, and no seed worth mentioning was secured 

 —Farmers' Advocate. <=v.u 1C u. 



This is the Mr. Kelly mentioned in this department 

 some time ago. 



^ i m 



National Control of Food Supplies 



The Canadian Grocer has a synopsis of a lecture de- 

 livered by Anthony McGill, before the Ontario Grocers' 

 Convention, on "National Control of Food Supplies," from 

 which we can profitably take notes : 



Food inspection is a comparatively modern innovation. About 

 the middle of the last century Dr. Hassall published in the London 

 Lancet an extended series of investigations into the character of the 



various foods as offered in the London markets. A commission was 

 appointed, and the first Adulteration Act in England was passed; 

 Canada followed in 1874. The Act has undergone many amendments 

 since that date, in consequence of increased experience in its working, 

 but the fundamental principles remain unchanged. 



What Adulteration Is. 



It defines adulteration as follows: 



1. If any substance has been mixed with it 60 as to reduce or 

 lower or injuriously affect its quality or strength ; 



2. If any inferior or cheaper substance has been substituted, 

 wholly or in part, for the article ; 



3. If any valuable consistent of the article has been wholly or in 

 part abstracted ; 



4. If it is an imitation of, or is sold under the name of another 

 article; 



5. If it consists wholly or in part of a diseased or decomposed or 

 putrid or rotten animal or vegetable substance, whether manufactured 

 or not; or in the case of milk or butter, if it is the produce of a dis- 

 eased animal, or of an animal fed upon unwholesome food; 



6. If it contains any added poisonous ingredient which may ren- 

 der such an article injurious to the health of a person consuming it; 



7. If its strength or purity falls below the standard, or its consti- 

 tuents are present in quantity not within the limits of variability, fixed 

 by the governor-in-couneil, as hereinafter provided ; 



8. If it is so colored or coated, or polished or powdered that dam- 

 age is concealed, or if it is made to appear better or of greater value 

 than it really is. 



Mr. McGill cites the modern tendency to manufactured 

 foods of all kinds, and the achievements of chemistry in 

 introducing new food products such as glucose, cotton-seed 

 oil, cotton-seed stearin, coal-tar dyes, synthetic flavoring 

 materials, chemical preservatives (such as salicylic acid, 

 formalin, etc.) ; these substances enter into the composition 

 of modern foods to an extent little imagined by the ordi- 

 nary consumer. He does not find fault with the inventor 

 of new food materials, but mentions the danger of trying 

 radical experiments with the workings of the human diges- 

 tive organism. 



Again, in the manufacture of many new food substances, power- 

 ful chemicals are used, and great care is necessary to make sure that 

 these are properly rendered harmless before the finished product is 

 put on the market. Many cases of poisoning through the use of dye6 

 containing arsenic, glucose containing free acid, and other similar in- 

 stances are on record. I must, however, bear testimony to the great 

 care which is nowadays taken by manufacturers, and to the purity 

 of the products now offered. 



Chief Ground op Complaint. 



The chief ground of complaint rests in the non acknowledgement 

 of the presence of a foreign substance. The importance which this 

 assumes depends greatly upon the point of view. To the consumer it 

 means that he is ignorant of what he eats. To the honest manufac- 

 turer it is a very heavy grievance, 6inee it means unfair competition. 



To the producer it is also a ground for complaining. W hat of the 

 fruit-grower who finds apple, turnip or other pulp used as a basis for 

 jams, 6old as strawberry, raspberry, plum, etc., and dyed with coal-tar 

 colors to imitate the genuine fruit? Just in the same way has the 

 dairy farmer a right to complain of unacknowledged competition by 

 the sale of oleomargarine or renovated butter for the genuine article ; 

 the farmer who raises pigs has a bona-fide grievance when cotton-seed 

 products are substituted for lard, and so on. 



Who Shall Be Held Responsible? 



The consumer, naturally and inevitably, must hold the retail 

 dealer responsible. The Adulteration Act provides the retailer with a 

 safeguard in two ways: 



First, he may plead the guaranty of the manufacturer or whole- 

 saler, provided that he has taken the precaution to obtain such. 



Second, the Inland Revenue Department (which is charged with 

 the administration of the Food Act) provides an inexpensive means of 

 acquainting him with the nature of the articles he sells, by chemical 

 analysis at a nominal fee. 



The manufacturer may thus be held ultimately responsible for the 

 correct naming of his goods. There is no bar to the manufacture or 

 sale of any wholesome food in Canada (except butter substitutes) pro- 

 vided that they are correctly and honestly labeled. The Act requires 

 that such articles be distinctly labeled as a mixture, in conspicuous 

 characters, forming an inseparable part of the label. 



Penalties Provided. 



Distinct penalties attach to violations of the Act, and these may 

 be classed as (1) penalties for adulteratingfoods, (2) penalties for sell- 

 ing adulterated foods. If the adulteration is deemed injurious to 

 health, the penalty for a first offense may reach $200 and costs, or 3 

 months imprisonment, or both; if the adulteration be deemed to be 

 not injurious to health, the penalty may reach $100 and costs, and is 

 not less than $5 and costs. 



Amerikanische Bienenzucht, by Hans Buschbauer, is 

 a bee-keeper's hand-book of 138 pages, which is just what 

 our German friends will want. It is fully illustrated, and 

 neatly bound in cloth. Price, postpaid, $1.00; or with the 

 American Bee Journal one year — both for $1.75. Address 

 all orders to this office. 



