i6o An American Fruit-Farm 



that is, thoroughly made, material strong, and whole 

 equipment durable. Spraying machines are made 

 to sell to farmers at a profit. Yet we cannot get 

 along without them. They are certain to be im- 

 proved, to be made more durable, more effective, 

 and to sell at a price proportioned to their strength 

 and efficiency. ' 



^ Considering fruit-ciilture in all its aspects, for the Valley, spraying 

 resolves itself chiefly into a timely application of three kinds of spray: 



The Bordeaux Mixture: 

 Copper sulphate (blue vitriol), 4 lbs. 

 Quicklime (not air slaked), 4 lbs. 

 Water to make 50 gallons; 



or, if too strong, all the water and half the other ingredients. The 



mixture must be used fresh. 



Arsenate of Lead: 

 Arsenate of soda, 4 oz. 

 Acetate of lead, 1 1 oz. 

 Water, 16 gallons. 

 This is sometimes called Disparene and may be had commercially. 



Nicotine Solution for Leaf Hopper: 

 Water, 100 gallons. 

 Nicotine, i pint. 

 This is an irritant, deadly poison and must be handled carefully. 



Lime, Sulphur and Salt: 

 Stone lime, 15 to 30 lbs. 

 Flowers of sulphur, 15 lbs. 

 Water, 50 gallons. 

 Specific for scale. 



The making of these mixtures requires an adequate equipment: an 

 ample supply of water; facilities for heating any of the ingredients, 

 and for complete intermixture of them. The Bulletins and "Spray 

 Calendar" already cited, or similar authorities, should be consulted. The 

 beginner may profitably examine some working spraying equipment 

 before undertaking this part of fruit-farming. There are now some 

 twenty-five specific preparations used in spra3ring; the three given above 

 are the most widely used and may be called standard. In all mixtures 



