i88 BULLETIN 407 



The pupa 



The pupa is a typical, naked, coleopterous, Cerambycid pupa, brownish 

 in color, and measuring from 9 to 22 millimeters in length. The femur 

 and tibia of each leg are folded against each other, and lie transversely 

 on the ventral surface of the body with the tarsi projecting backward, 

 along the center. The wing pads are folded backward, passing under the 

 prothoracic and mesothoracic legs, with the tips covering the inner parts 

 of the mesothoracic legs on the ventral side. The antennae project for- 

 ward dorsad to the first two pairs of legs and then curl inward and are 

 held close against the body. There are numerous pointed granulations 

 on the dorsal side of the prothorax, and similar sharp spines on the 

 abdominal segments. On the penultimate segment, these spines are 

 somewhat larger, and are recurved anteriorly at the tip. There are seven 

 in a row near the posterior margin, two others more anteriorly situated, 

 and three more in front of these. The last segment has four similar 

 projections in a row. 



LIFE HISTORY AND HABITS 



The adult 

 Appearance of the adults 



The cold and rainy spring of 1917 without doubt considerably retarded 

 the emergence of the adults, for the material kept in the insectary and the 

 records of the insects emerging from hickory used for firewood during the 

 winter show that warmth has a considerable influence on the time of 

 emergence. Observations were made on material kept at the insectary, 

 where normal conditions were simulated as much as possible, and on a 

 pile of hickory trunks and branches in the field which had been infested 

 the preceding spring. The first adults emerged June 6, in the insectary, 

 when three males were observed. The writer's records show that at 

 State College, Pennsylvania, in 1915, the first adults were observed on 

 May 12. As the weather became warmer, the number emerging gradually 

 increased until June 27. From then until July 5, the number of adults 

 appearing gradually decreased, no more being found after that date. In 

 the field, the males were the first to appear, several days elapsing between 

 their first aooearance and that of the females. 



General activities 



The hickory borer is a sun-loving insect. On bright, sunny days during 

 May and June they may be found on the trunks and branches of recently 

 killed trees or on felled timber, running rapidly back and forth. Rarely 

 are they found on such material when it is well shaded. When disturbed, 

 they either drop suddenly to the ground and hide among the herbage, 



