130 STRUCTURE ОЕ THE 
be seen well, and the phloroglucin and chloric acid reaction may be found very useful. 
The cambium zone itself is very delicate, and the star. ring- or dot-shaped markings 
indieating the isolated strands are chiefly determined by their xylem portions. We have 
then here almost the whole of the central cylinder consisting of secondary phloem 
plus an undefined and very small central pith, embedded in it a number of cimbi- 
um cylinlers, and inside them the xylem strands surrounding a very slender and much 
reduced column of secondary pith. Goris designated this type of root-structure as the 
Anthora type, as it comes very near to the structure of the tubers of A. Anthora. 
To it must be referred, among the Indian Aconites, A, rotundifolium, heterophyllum, 
naviculare, palmatum and probably also A, Hookeri. This type also shows modifications 
which may be used for the discrimination of the species. In А. rolundifolizm and 
А, naviculare, the number of isolated strands is normally 4, and they аге so small 
that they appear to the naked eye as mere dots. In А. palmatum they are, on the 
other hand, much larger aud more irregular, and there is a tendency towards separ- 
ating entirely by the formation of periderma between them—at least in the upper 
(acropetal) part of the tuber which becomes thus split or spuriously branched. In А. 
Hookeri there is only one very slender central strand present, the structure of which 
is that of the isolated strands of А, heterophyllum, and this species should therefore 
be referred to the Anthora type. 
Goris’ third type, which he called the Ао» type, is represented only by two 
species—A, deinorrhizum and А, Balfourti, As the name A. atroz cannot be maintained, 
I prefer to call it the Deinorrhizum type. There we have, as in the Anthora type; 
isolated cambium bands, embedded in secondary phloem which in the centre passes, 
as we may assume, into a column of pith, a part of the original fundamental issue. 
The cambium bands are, however, corresponding to the greater size of the tubes, much 
larger than in the Anthora type. They are approximately circular in cross-section 
or, more often, tangentially flattened and even horseshoe-shaped, and so arranged as 
to form a diseontinuous ring. Moreover, they anastomose in places, as successive 
sections show. As the cambium produces at intervals along its entire length and on 
its inner side secondary xylem, the xylem strands are disposed centripetally on the 
peripheral side of the strands and centrifugall оп the side nearer to the centre. 
The innermost part of the strands is occupied by а comparatively copious secondary 
pith. І must not omit to remark that the typical aspect of ап Aconite tuber in Cross. 
section may be modified if the section passes through a root-fibre trace or in the case 
of anomalies which occur, no doubt, in the Indian Aconites as they do inthe Euro- 
pean A. Napellus. 
The mother-tubers differ from the daughter-tubers only in so far as the gradual 
exhaustion of the reserve materia] stored up in the parenchyma is accompanied by 
the collapse of the latter, both proceeding centripetally, with the consequence that the 
surface of the tuber becomes more and more shrivelled and wrinkled. As the old 
tubers dry up, the inner parenchyma often also tears up, forming cavities, particularl 
near the xylem strands, and in some cases I saw the greater part of the pith Suus 
and replaced by а large eavity. Тһе curious formation of sclerenchymatic sheaths 
around the sieve-strands in the tuber of A, Jeroz has already been mentioned 
If the species of the section Lycoctonum are typically woodland plats : pee. 
the third principal group, which I comprise at present under the o Napellus 
(sens. lat.) are оп the contrary found principally in open land in the Моше ed 
