CONSTITUTIONAL LAW. 115 



any agreement or compact with another state, or with a foreign 

 power; nor engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such immi- 

 nent danger as will not admit of delay. 



Full faith and credit must be given, in each state, to the public 

 acts, records, and judicial proceedings, of every other state ; and 

 the citizens of each state, are entitled to all the privileges and im- 

 munities of citizens in the several states. A person charged with 

 crime, and fleeing from justice, to another state, must, on demand of 

 the executive authority of the state from which he fled, be delivered 

 up for trial therein. Persons held to service or labor in one state, 

 under the laws thereof, and escaping into another, must be delivered 

 up, on claim of the party to whom such service or labor is proved to 

 be due. No new state can be formed, or erected, within the juris- 

 diction of any other state ; nor can any state be formed by the junc- 

 tion of two or more states, or parts of states, without the consent of 

 the legislatures of the states concerned, as well as of the congress. 

 The United States guaranty, to every state in the union, a republican 

 form of government ; and must protect each of them against inva- 

 sion, and, on due application, against domestic violence. 



5. The Statutes and Treaties of the United States, are so 

 numerous, that we cannot here attempt even a summary of the most 

 important. Among the Statutes, are laws establishing the executive 

 departments, the judiciary system, the post-office system, the mint, 

 the army and navy, and military academy ; laws for collecting a reve- 

 nue, and paying the national debt ; for selling the public lands, and 

 admitting new states into the Union ; for establishing a protecting 

 tariff and national bank ; for granting patents to inventors, and copy- 

 rights to authors ; for laying an embargo, and declaring war ; for 

 building government edifices, fortifications, and light-houses ; and for 

 improving harbors, and internal communications.* Among the Trea- 

 ties, are those of Peace and Commerce with foreign states ; some- 

 times defining boundaries, and international rights, and settling points 

 of international law ; and those for the purchase of territory, in- 

 cluding Louisiana and Florida, and especially the lands of the In- 

 dians ; often stipulating for their removal to more western regions. 

 Notwithstanding all the Statutes and Treaties which have been made 

 by the proper authorities, many minor points of law have been left 

 to be settled by the national courts ; and are only to be found embo- 

 died in the Reports of their decisions. 



The Martial Law of the United States, to which the army and 

 navy are subject, having been established by the national authorities, 

 is connected, we think, more closely with Constitutional Law, than 

 with the branch which succeeds it; but this is a subject which 

 entirely transcends our limits. Of the Constitutions of the different 

 states ; which are very similar to that of the United States ; we have 

 no room here to speak. The Governors and Legislatures of the 

 states correspond to the President and Congress of the United States ; 

 and the distribution of functions is in most of the states essentially 

 uniform ; differing only in the minor details. 



* Some of these acts, and particularly those relating to a national bank, an em- 

 bargo, and war, it will readily be understood, are no longer in force. 



