132 THEOLOGY. 



the Phoenicians. They also worshipped Beelzebub, or the fly-god ; 

 Baalpeor or Belphegor, the stone-god : and Moloch, represented as 

 a calf, and typifying the sun or fire. The Philistines worshipped 

 Dagon, half man and half fish ; and Derceto or Atergatis, having the 

 form attributed to mermaids. 



3. Under the head of Classic Mythology, we include the Gfreek 

 and Roman ; which are so nearly identical, that, for brevity's sake, 

 they may be treated as one system. The Romans adopted the deities 

 of Greece, merely changing their names, and adding some fables of 

 their own tradition or invention. Accordingly, we shall here give the 

 Greek names first, and append the Roman in parentheses, to save 

 repetition. The Grecian Mythology was based on the Doric and 

 Orphic hymns, from which Homer and Hesiod borrowed their theo- 

 gony and cosmogony, or origin of the gods, and the world. Orpheus, 

 being a Thracian, introduced the gods of the Phoenicians ; and these 

 were mingled with the Egyptian deities, introduced by Danaus and 

 Cecrops. The gods of Greece were very numerous, and said to in- 

 habit the various parts of the universe. They were classed as the 

 major and minor gods ; and as celestial, terrestrial, and infernal. The 

 twelve greater deities, were Jupiter, Neptune, Apollo, Mercury, Mars, 

 and Vulcan; with Juno, Ceres, Vesta, Minerva, Diana, and Venus. 

 These, the Romans termed consentes ; and they added eight other 

 select deities ; viz. Saturn, Janus, Pluto, Bacchus, and Sol ; with 

 Rhea, Luna, and Latona. (See Plate IV.) 



Uramis, (Coelus), or heaven, was represented as the oldest of the 

 ods ; and Gaia, (Terra or Tellus), that is the earth, as his wife. 

 n heir children were Kronos, (Saturn), and Rhea, (or Cybele), his 

 wife ; with Janus, Oceanus, and many others, including the Titans, 

 and the Cyclops. Saturn was the god of time ; and obtained from 

 his brothers the kingdom of the universe, on the condition of destroy- 

 ing all his sons, at their birth ; but Cybele secreted Zeus, (or Jupi- 

 ter) ; Poseidon, (or Neptune) ; and Hades, (or Pluto) ; and their 

 sisters were Hera, (Juno) ; Demeter, (Ceres) ; and Hestia, (or 

 Vesta). Jupiter, it is said, dethroned his father Saturn, and became 

 ruler of heaven and earth ; allowing to Neptune the dominion of the 

 sea; and to Pluto, that of the infernal regions, or regions of the dead, 

 hence called Hades; including Tartarus, or the abode of the damned, 

 and Elysium, or the abodes of the blest. Of the sisters, Juno is 

 said to have become the wife of Jupiter, and queen of heaven; Ceres, 

 became the goddess of corn and harvests ; and Vesta became the 

 goddess of fire and of purity. 



The offspring of Jupiter, it is said, were Apollo, (or Phoebus) ; 

 Hermes, (or Mercury) ; Ares, (or Mars) ; Hephaestus, (or Vulcan) ; 

 Pallas, (or Minerva) ; and Artemis, (or Diana) ; besides Dionysus, 

 (or Bacchus) ; Hebe, (or Juventas) ; Persephone, (or Proserpina) ; 

 and the Muses, the Graces, the Infernal Judges, and the demigods, 

 Perseus, Amphion, Zethus, Castor, and Pollux. The first six of this 

 long list are in the number of the greater deities. Apollo was the 

 god of music and poetry ; Mercury, the god of eloquence, and of 

 commerce; Mars, the god of war, Bellona being his wife; and 

 Vulcan was the god of fire. Minerva, sprung from Jupiter's brain, 



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