172 



GEOGRAPHY. 



The following is the most accurate table which we can form of the 

 extent and population of the different countries of Europe. 



Sa. JUiles. Inhabitants. 



Countries. 



European Turkey .200,000. . 10,000,000 

 Greece & Ion. Is. . 20,000. . 1,000,000 



Two Sicilies 42,000.. 7,500,000 



Papal States 17,500.. 2,600,000 



Lombardo-Venetia 18,500.. 4,500,000 

 Italian Dutchies.. 13,200.. 2,300,000 



Two Sardinias 29,000. . 4,500,000 



Spain 180,000. . 12,000,000 



Portugal 45,000.. 3,500,000 



France 202,000 . . 33,600,000 



Great Britain 120,000. .25,300,000 



Belgium 12,800 . . 4,200,000 



Holland 11,000.. 2,600,000 



Switzerland 16,000.. 2,100,000 



Countries. Sq. Miles. 



Baden 5,700. 



Wurtemburg 7,600 . 



Bavaria 30,000. 



Saxony 6,500. 



Hanover 14,600. 



Smaller Ger. St. . . 28,000 . 



Austria 256,000. 



Prussia 106,000. 



Denmark & Iceland 51,300. 

 Sweden & Norway 290,000 . 

 Russia and Rus. 



Poland 1,850,000. 



Inhabitants. 

 . 1,200,000 

 1,600,000 

 4,200,000 

 1,600,000 

 1,600,000 

 4,300,000 

 34,000,000 

 14,000,000 

 2,100,000 

 4,100,000 



60,000,000 



TOTAL 3,572,700 244,400,000 



We proceed to treat of the countries and states of Europe, in the 

 order above named. 



1. The Southern Countries of Europe have a mild climate, 

 and are fertile in the olive and grape, in corn, oil and wine. The 

 present inhabitants are generally less active and enterprising than 

 those farther north ; but they still excel in the fine arts ; and the 

 spirit of ancient liberty, though fettered there, is not yet annihilated. 



Turkey in Europe, extends from the Pontus Euximts, or Black 

 Sea, and the sea of Marmora, the ancient Propontis, on the east ; 

 to the Gulf of Venice, the ancient Mare Hadriaticum, on the west ; 

 and the Archipelago, the ancient JEgseum Mare, on the south. It 

 includes the ancient Thracia, in the south-east; Mcesia, in the cen- 

 tral part, stretching eastward and westward ; Dacia, north of the 

 Danube; Illyricum, bordering on the Gulf of Venice, in the west; 

 Macedonia, south of the Haemus, now Balkan Mountains ; with 

 part of Thessalia and Epirus ; the latter in the south-west, and both 

 belonging to ancient Greece. The more modern state of Servia is in 

 the north-western ; and Wallachia and part of Moldavia are in the 

 north-eastern part of Turkey. The ancient cities of Philippi and 

 Thessalonica were in Macedonia ; the latter being the modern Salo- 

 nica. The chief cities of Turkey, are Constantinople, the capital, 

 formerly called Byzantium, and rfdrianople, in the east ; Bucharest, 

 in the north, and Salonica, in the south. The island of Candia, the 

 ancient Creta, with many smaller ones, in the Archipelago, belongs 

 to Turkey. The religion of this country is the Mohamedan ; the 

 government has but recently become a limited monarchy, the Sultan 

 being at its head ; and education, learning and the arts are still in a 

 backward state. 



Greece, now an independent monarchy, retains its classic name, 

 and nearly its ancient limits ; comprehending the Morea, or ancient 

 Peloponnesus, south of the Sinus Corinthiacus, now Gulf of 

 Lepanto ; and the province of Livadia, or the ancient Grxcia pro- 

 pria, with part of Thessaly and Epirus, north of that Gulf: besides 

 the island of Negropont, the ancient Eubcea, and other smaller 

 islands in the Archipelago. The ancient Peloponnesus contained 

 the states of Jlrgolis and Laconia, in the east ; Messenia and Elis 



