212 CHRONOGRAPHY. 



Algiers, Tunis, and Tripoli, became independent soon after. These 

 states were subdued by Ferdinand, of Spain, in 1509; but threw 

 off his yoke, by calling in the aid of the Turkish pirates, Horuc (or 

 Aruch) Barbaroasa, and his brother Hayradin, (or Khayr Eddin) ; 

 the latter of whom surviving, yielded allegiance to the sultan of Tur- 

 key, in 1519. 



Charles V. of Spain took Tunis in 1535, ami was prevented from 

 taking Algiers only by the loss of his fleet in a severe storm. Tunis 

 was regained by the Turks, and united with Algiers, till 1586; when 

 a bashaw of Tunis was appointed by the Grand Seignor : but it is at 

 present governed by a Bey, tributary to Turkey. Algiers, under its 

 Deys, always piratical, and cruel to Christian prisoners, was humbled 

 by the French, in 1682; again by the British and Dutch, in 1816; 

 and finally subjugated by the French, in 1830. Morocco, in 1557, 

 became subject to Mehemed, a sherif or descendant of the prophet ; 

 and his family still occupy the Moorish throne. 



3. The History of the Turks or Turcomans, commences about 

 the middle of the sixth century ; when they revolted from the Geougen 

 Tartars, and soon formed a powerful nation, of which Turkestan was 

 the seat ; but they were divided under rival princes, before they con- 

 quered Persia. Togrul Beg, who founded their second Persian 

 dynasty, was the grandson of Seljook; and hence his tribe were 

 called Seljooks by way of distinction. Malek Shah, of this dynasty, 

 wrested Asia Minor from the Byzantine empire, about A. D. 1074; 

 but after his death it became a distinct kingdom, under Solyman, his 

 general; and it then look the name of Roum, Natolia, or Anatolia. 

 This region was again overrun by Genghis Khan, the Mongul 

 Tartar, A. D. 1220 ; but after his death, it was divided among several 

 Emirs ; one of whom, Othman I., (or Osman), of the Turcoman race, 

 commenced the Ottoman or modern Turkish Empire, in 1299. 



Orchan, his son and successor, took part in the civil wars of the 

 Byzantine empire ; and became son-in-law to John Cantacuzene. 

 Soliman, the eldest son of Orchan, first invaded Europe, in 1355; 

 and jlmurath, his second son, and successor, conquered Adrianople 

 and Macedonia. Bajazet, (or Bayazeed), was vanquished by Tamer- 

 lane the Tartar, in the battle of Ancyra, (or Angora), in 1402; but 

 Tamerlane divided the Turkish possessions among the sons of Bajazet. 

 A civil war was the consequence, till Mohamed, (or Mahomed), the 

 younger brother, became sole monarch, A. D. 1413. His son Jlmu- 

 rath II., warred against the Byzantines or Greeks, but was resisted 

 by George Castriot, whom the Turks called Scanderbeg; and the 

 conquest of Constantinople was left for the next sultan, Mohamed II., 

 in 1453. Since that time, Constantinople, called by the Turks 

 Stamboul or Istamboul, has been the capital of the Ottoman empire. 



Mohamed II., extended his conquests from Trebizond in the east, 

 to Otranto in Italy. His grandson, Selim I., conquered Egypt, 

 Syria, and Palestine, in 1517; and assumed the religions dignity of 

 Caliph, or head of the Mohamedan church. Soliman II., the Mag- 

 nificent, called also the lawgiver, took Belgrade and Rhodes, in 

 1522, and Bagdad soon after; but from this period, the power of the 

 Ottoman Porte began to decline. Selim II., conquered Cyprus, in 



