224 CHRONOGRAPHY. 



St. Bartholomew's eve, in which 30,000 Huguenots (Protestants) 

 were assassinated. 



The wars which followed this event, placed Henry IV., the Great, 

 upon the throne ; and thus was founded the Bourbon dynasty, in 

 1589. Louis XIII. took part in the Thirty years 1 war, against 

 the emperor of Germany; which was begun in 1618; and con- 

 tinued during the minority of Louis XIV., styled the Great, till the 

 favorable peace of Westphalia, in 1648. This latter king was a party 

 in the war of the Spanish succession, ending with the peace of 

 Utrecht in 1713 ; which gained the crown of Spain for his grandson, 

 but weakened the power of France, irretrievably. Louis XV. took 

 part in the war of the Austrian succession, against the claims of 

 Maria Theresa to the Austrian crown ; which, however, she retained 

 by the peace of Aix-la-Chapelle, in 1748. He also took part in the 

 Seven years 1 war, against Frederick II. of Prussia ; and thereby lost 

 Canada, by the peace of Paris in 1763. 



Louis XVI. aided the United States in gaining their independence ; 

 but fell a victim to the French Revolution, which was provoked by the 

 despotism and corruption of the government. It broke out in 1789 ; 

 and he was guillotined four years afterward. Napoleon Bonaparte 

 was appointed first consul of France in 1799 ; and crowned emperor 

 in 1 804. After a long career of victory, he was defeated at Leipsic, 

 in 1813; and soon after abdicated the crown, and retired to Elba. 

 Returning to France, in 1814, after the brief triumph of the Hun- 

 dred days, so called, he was again defeated at Waterloo ; and Louis 

 XVIII. received the crown of France, from the victorious allied 

 powers. In 1830, his successor, CharlesX., was expelled for usurp- 

 ation ; and the Three days Revolution resulted in proclaiming Louis 

 Philippe of Orleans, king of the French, by the will of the people. 



4. The History of Great Britain, extends back to its discovery 

 by the Phoenicians, probably soon after the founding of Carthage, 

 or 878 B. C. It was unknown to the Romans, until the time of 

 Julius Cxsar ; who invaded and conquered the southern part of it, 

 54 B. C. : but the conquest of England was completed by Jlgricola, 

 about A. D. 70. On the decline of Rome, Valentinian III. with- 

 drew his legions, in 426, and left the Britons to their fate. Being 

 harassed by the Scots and Picts, they called to their aid the Saxons, 

 from Germany; who, under Hengist and Horsa, came in 449, and at 

 first protected, but afterwards subjugated the inhabitants. The 

 Saxons soon formed seven small kingdoms in Britain, known as the 

 Heptarchy ; which were at length united, in 828, by Egbert, king 

 of Wessex ; and they then received the name of England, from 

 the Angles, who had united with the Saxons. From this time, 

 England was exposed to the ravages of the Danes. They were 

 defeated and brought to terms by Alfred the Great, in 893 ; who 

 made London his capital, and greatly improved the kingdom. After 

 the cruel massacre of the Danes in 1002, their countrymen, under 

 Sweyn, (or Sueno), again assailed England ; and Ethelred II. fled to 

 Normandy, till the death of Sweyn in 1014; when he returned. 

 His son Edmund II. (Ironside) was also defeated by the Danes ; 

 whose leader Canute the Great, became sole king of England, in 1017; 



