252 BIOGRAPHY. 



ceptor of Pericles, and died 428 B. C. ; Heraclitus, the weeping philo- 

 sopher, who flourished 500 ; and Democritus, the mirthful, who died 

 361 B. C. ; Xenocrates, the virtuous, who died 314 ; and Theophras- 

 tus, the eloquent, who died 286 B.C. Longinus, the critic and states- 

 man, under Queen Zenobia, of Palmyra, died A.D. 273. 



Of the Greek scientes, or scientific men, besides those termed 

 philosophers, Meton of Athens, the astronomer, flourished 432 ; 

 Eudoxus, the astronomer and geometer, died 352 ; Euclid of Al- 

 exandria, the geometer, flourished 300 ; and Archimedes of Syra- 

 cuse, the geometer and mechanician, was killed 212 B. C. Eratos- 

 thenes, the geographer and librarian, of Alexandria, died 194 ; Hip- 

 parchus of Nicaea, the astronomer, died 125 B. C.; Strabo of Ama- 

 sia, the geographer, died A. D. 25 ; and Ptolemy of Alexandria, the 

 astronomer, flourished about A. D. 100. Ctesibius of Alexandria, the 

 mechanician, flourished 135 ; and Hero, of the same place and pur- 

 suit, flourished 120 B. C. Hippocrates of Cos, the great physician, 

 died 361 ; and Galen of Pergamus, alike renowned in medicine, died 

 201 B. C. Of Grecian artists, Phidias, the sculptor, died 432 

 B. C.; Parrhasius, the painter, and Zeitxis, his rival, flourished 

 about 400 ; Jlpelles, the painter, flourished about 330 ; and Praxi- 

 teles, the sculptor, about 324 B. C. 



4. The subject of Roman Biography, is alike extensive and 

 interesting. Of the seven kings of Rome, Romulus, its founder, is 

 said to have died 715 B. C. ; Nvma Pompilius, the pious, died 672; 

 Tullus Hostilius, the warlike, was killed 640 ; Jlncus Martins, 

 the prudent, died 616; Tarquinius Priscus, (the elder Tarquin), 

 was assassinated, 578 ; and Servius Tullus, the freedman, met the 

 same fate, 534 B. C.; but Tarquinius Superbus, or the proud, died 

 about 14 years after his expulsion, (p. 208). Of the consuls, who 

 succeeded in the Roman government, there were no fewer than four 

 or five hundred, besides occasional dictators, on great emergencies. 

 Junius Brutus, one of the first two consuls, fell in battle, in the 

 year of his election, 509 B. C. : Collatinus, his colleague, being 

 of the Tarquin family, retired from Rome ; and Publius Vale- 

 rius, styled Poplicola, was chosen in his stead ; while Spurius 

 Lucretius, succeeded Brutus ; all in the same year. Florus 

 Lartius, the first dictator, 498 B. C., was previously a consul. 

 Menenius Jlgrippa, appeased the people at Mount Sacer, in the same 

 year. Marcius Coriolanus, who was exiled, and went over to the 

 Volsci, but afterwards saved Rome, died 488 B. C. M. R. Fabius, 

 five times consul, twice dictator, and seven times triumphant, proba- 

 bly fell in battle with the other Fabii, 477 B. C. L. Q. Cincinnati^, 

 thrice dictator, returned each time victorious to his plough, and died 

 430 B. C. L. F. Camillus, who, as dictator, saved Rome from the 

 Gauls, died 365 B. C. C. L. Fabricius, the magnanimous con- 

 queror of Pyrrhus, died about 270 B. C. 



M. A. Regulus, the invader, and afterwards the captive of Car- 

 thage, was there put to death 251 B. C. Q. M. Fabius, called 

 Cunctator, or the delayer, because, when dictator, he avoided a battle 

 with Hannibal, was twice triumphant, and died 202 B. C. M. C. 

 Marcellus, victorious at Syracuse, was killed 208 B. C. P. C. 



