EUCLASSIC. 253 



Scipio, the first surnamed Africanus, victorious at Zama, died about 

 184 B. C. ; L. C. Scipio, surnamed Asiaticus, was his brother; and 

 P. JEmilius Scipio, styled Africanus the younger, died 128 B. C. 

 M. P. Cato, the censor, died 147 B. C. ; and L. Mummius, sur- 

 named Achaicus, who completed the conquest of Greece, flourished 

 at the same date. Caius Gracchus, the seditious agrarian, was 

 killed 121 B. C. ; thirteen years after his brother Tiberius. Q. C. 

 Metellus, surnamed Numidicus, who warred against Jugurtha, 

 flourished 109 B. C. C. Marius, the victor and tyrant, died 86 

 B. C. ; Cinna, his adherent, was previously slain ; and L. C. Sylla, 

 his rival, alike cruel, died 78 B. C. Cneus Pompeius, or Pompey 

 the Great, the friend of Sylla, and rival of Caesar, was slain in 

 Egypt, 48 B. C. M. T. Cicero, the orator, and friend of Pompey, 

 was killed 43 B. C. ; and M. Cato, surnamed Uticensis, sacrificed 

 himself at Utica, 46 B. C. Julius Caesar, was slain at Rome, 44 

 B. C. ; M. J. Brutus, and C. Cassius, who took part in slaying 

 him, fell atPhilippi, 42 B. C. ; and M. Antonius, or Mark Anthony, 

 their vanquisher, sacrificed himself for Cleopatra, 31 B. C.; when 

 Rome ceased to be a republic, even in name. 



Julius Caesar, and Augustus, were included among the Twelve 

 Caesars, so called ; of whom the other ten, with the dates of their 

 accession, were Tiberius, A. D. 14 ; Caligula, the vile, A. D. 37 ; 

 Claudius, the first of that name, 41 ; Nero, the cruel, 54 ; Galba, 

 the weak, 68; Otho andVitellius, each a few months in 69; Ves- 

 pasian, the popular, 69; Titus, the virtuous, 79; and Domitian, the 

 cruel, A. D. 81. Next succeeded the five good emperors, Nerva, 

 the aged and prudent, 96 ; Trajan, the popular, 98 ; Adrian, the 

 enterprizing, 117 ; Antoninus Pius, the peaceful, 138 ; and M. Au- 

 relius Antoninus, the virtuous, and philosophical, A. D. 161. Of 

 the remaining emperors, some of the most remarkable, were Corn- 

 modus, A. D. 180; Septimius Severus, 193; Caracalla, and Geta, 

 211; Heliogabalus, or Elagabalus, the vicious, 218; Alexander 

 Severus, 222 ; the Gordians, 236-8 ; Decius, 249 ; Gallienus, 

 260 ; Claudius, the second of that name, 268 ; Aurelian, the brave, 

 270 ; Tacitus, 275 ; M. Aurelius Cams, 282 ; Diocletian, 284 ; 

 Constantine I. the Great, 306 ; Julian, 361 ; Jovian, 363 ; Vahn- 

 tinian L, and Valens, 364; Honorius, 395; Valentinian III., 

 424 ; and Romulus Augustus, 475 ; with whom terminated the 

 western empire, (p. 209.) 



Of Roman orators, we would mention Hortensius, with his great con- 

 temporary and rival, Cicero, above named ; and Quintilian, who died 

 A.D. 95. Of Roman historians, besides Julius Caesar, the three prin- 

 cipal were Crispus Sallustius, or Sallust, who died 35 B.C. ; Titus 

 Livius, or Livy, who died A.D. 17 ; and C. Cornelius Tacitus, who 

 flourished A.D. 97. Of the minor historians, Valerius Maximus, 

 flourished A.D. 20 ; Velleius Paterculus, soon after ; Quintus Curtius, 

 flourished A.D. 60; Florus, 110; Justin, 130; and Eutropius, flourished 

 about 360, during the decline of the empire. Of the biographers, 

 Varro, Nepos, and Suetonius, we have already spoken, (p. 242). 



Of the Roman poets, the most distinguished were P. Virgilius 

 Maro, or Virgil, who died 19 B. C. ; and Q. Horatius Flaccus, 01 



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