EUROPEAN. 261 



Of Spanish voyagers and explorers, Mmagro was slain in 1538; 

 Pizarro, in 1541 ; Cortez died in 1554 ; Orellana died about 1550; 

 Ponce de Leon flourished in 1512 ; De Solis, in 1517 ; Valdivia, in 

 1541 ; Saavedra, in 1526; Mendana, in 1567 ; and Quiros in 1606. 

 Of Spanish historians, Zurita flourished in 1579; and Mendoza 

 in 1584; Mariana died in 1623; Herrera, (Tordesillas), died in 

 1625; and Antonio de Solis, died in 1686. John Leo, the biogra- 

 pher, died about 1526. Of the Spanish poets, the marquis Henri/ de 

 Villena, died in 1434 ; Inigo de Mendoza, was his pupil ; Juan de 

 Mena, died in 1456 ; Garcilaso de la Vega, in 1536 ; Juan Boscan, 

 in 1543; Hernando Herrera, in 1578; Louis de Leon, in 1591; 

 Er cilia y Zuniga, died about 1600 ; and Louis Gongora, died in 1627. 

 Cervantes, (Saavedra), the poet and novelist, died in 1616 ; don Lope 

 de Vega, of Madrid, the dramatist, died in 1635; and don Pedro 

 Calderon, (or Calderona), his rival, died in 1687. Vincent Garcias 

 de la Huerta, the recent dramatist, flourished in 1778 ; and Yriarte, 

 the fabulist, at the same date. Prince Juan Manuel, the novelist, 

 died in 1362 ; and Mattheo Meman flourished in 1580. Of the Spa- 

 nish painters, Murillo, of Seville, died in 1682; and Velasquez, of 

 Seville, his patron, died in 1660. Zusbaran and Vargas, were painters 

 of less note. 



The sovereigns of Portugal, since it was last separated from 

 Spain, are John IV., of Braganza, 1640; Alfonso VI., 1656; Peter 

 II., 1668; John V., 1706; Joseph, 1750; Maria Francisca, 1777; 

 John VI., as regent, 1799 ; and Maria II., in 1826. The romantic 

 king Sebastian, (or Don Sebastian), fell in Africa, in 1578. The 

 infante don Henry, called the Navigator, the pioneer in southern dis- 

 coveries, died in 1463. Vasco de Gama, who first sailed around 

 Africa to India, died at Goa, in 1524. Alfonso de Albuquerque, the 

 admiral and Asiatic conqueror, died at Goa, in 1515. Fernando de 

 Magellan, (or Magalhaens), the first circumnavigator, under Spanish 

 patronage, was killed at the Philippine Islands, in 1521. Bartholo- 

 mew Diaz, who discovered the Cape of Good Hope, flourished in 

 1486 ; but the time of his death we have not been able to ascertain. 



Of Portuguese historians, besides the admiral Albuquerque, Bar- 

 has, (or Barras), also a novelist, died in 1571 ; Brito, (or Debrito), 

 died in 1617; Manuel y Souza, flourished in 1610; and Freire de 

 Jlndrade, the biographer and poet, flourished soon after. Of Portu- 

 guese poets, the most celebrated is Louis de Camoens, who died in 

 1579. Bernardin Ribeyro, flourished in 1510; and Andrade Ca- 

 minha and Falcum were his contemporaries. Gil Vicente died in 

 1557; Miranda, in 1558; Ferreira, in 1569; Lobo flourished in 

 1560; Cortereal; (or Corte Real) ; in 1570 ; and Bacelar in 1640. 

 Montemayor died in 1558; and Bernardes Pimenta, in 1596. Me- 

 neses, count of Ericeyra, died in 1744, and Basilio da Gama, was 

 his contemporary : Bocage died in 1805 ; and Manoel, in 1819. Of 

 Portuguese novelists, besides Ribeyro and Barhas, we would men- 

 tion Moraez and Carvalho ; Lobeira, who died in 1403 ; and Fer- 

 reira de Vasconcellos, who flourished about 1580. 



3. We commence the section of French Biography, by giving 

 the names of the French sovereigns, from the Capetian dynasty, 



