270 BIOGRAPHY. 



died in 839; and Otto von Freyslngen was the grandson of Fre- 

 derick Barbarossa. Ottocar of Horneck, who wrote in the German 

 language, flourished in 1300; and Turmayr, (Aventinus), and 

 Franke, were among the early historians. John Christopher Fre- 

 derick von Schiller, also a poet, died in 1805; and Berihold George 

 Niebuhr died in 1831. John Godfrey von Herder, the critic and 

 poet, died in 1803 ; and Frederick von Schlegel, also an historian, 

 died in 1829. His brother, Augustus William Schlegel, we believe 

 is still living. 



Of the German poets, besides Schiller and Herder, Henry of Val- 

 deck, the first of the minnesingers, flourished in 1180: and the rivals, 

 Henry of Ofterdingen and Wolkram of Eschenbach, flourished 

 about 1200. Of the mastersingers, Hans Folz and Hans Sachs, 

 flourished about 1450. Martin Opitz, (or Opitius), the Silesian, 

 died in 1639; Paul Fleming, in 1640; and Paul Gerhard, in 

 1676. Ewald Christian of Kleist, died in 1759 ; Frederick Hage- 

 dorn, in 1754 ; John Christopher von Gottsched, in 1762 ; Chris- 

 tian Frederick Gellert, in 1769 ; Gotthold Ephraim Lessing, in 

 1781 ; and Gottfried Augustus Burger, died in 1794. Frederick 

 Gottlieb Khpstock died in 1803; Christopher Martin Wieland, and 

 Theodore Korner, in 1813 ; Count Frederick Leopold Stolberg, and 

 Augustus von Kotzebue, in 1819; John Henry Voss, in 1826; and 

 John Wolfgang von Goethe, died in 1832. Winkelman, Tieck, and 

 Tiedge are, we believe, still living. Of German novelists, Meissner 

 died in 1807 ; Nicolai, in 1811 ; and John Paul Pichter died in 1825. 



Of German mathematicians and natural philosophers, Gottfried 

 Wilhelm, baron of Leibnitz, died in 1716; and Leonard Euler, of 

 Swiss birth, died at St. Petersburg, in 1783. John Miiller, called 

 Regiomontanus, died in 1476 ; Athanasius Kircher, in 1680 ; Otho 

 von Guericke, in 1686; Ehrenfried Walter von Tschirnhausen, 

 about 1690 ; James Herman, in 1733 ; Gabriel Daniel Fahrenheit, in 

 1736 ; John Ingenhouz, in 1799 ; and Joseph von Fraunhofer, died 

 in 1826. Of the astronomers, Johr^ Bayer flourished in 1603; 

 John Kepler died in 1630 ; Tobias Mayer, in 1762 ; Prof. Harding, 

 in 1834 ; and Dr. Olbers died in 1840. Of the alchemists, Albtrtus 

 Magnus died in 1280; Basil Valentine flourished about 1420; 

 George Agricola, in 1530; and Nicholas Sebastian Brandt, flou- 

 rished in 1669. John Joachim Becher died in 1685; William 

 Homberg, in 1715; and George Ernest Stahl, in 1734. Of mineral- 

 ogists and geologists, Lehman, the miner, flourished in 1756 ; Abra- 

 ham Gottlob Werner died in 1817; and Frederick Mohs died in 

 1839. Of naturalists, Joachim Junge died in 1657; John George 

 Grnelin, in 1755; Charles Louis frilldenoiv, in 1812; and Baron 

 Alexander Humboldt, we believe, is still living. 



Of German physicians, Dr. Maurice Hoffman, died in 1698; 

 and Dr. Frederick Hoffman, in 1742. John Frederick Blu- 

 menbach, the celebrated physiologist, died in 1840. Hildanus 

 was a physician of note ; and Dr. Samuel Hahneman, the homo30- 

 pathist, is, we believe, still living. Engelbert Kampfer, celebrated 

 also as a traveller, died in 1716. Of German painters, Martin 

 Schoen (or Schoenbauer) died in 1486 ; Michael Wohlgemuth, in 



