272 BIOGRAPHY. 



Under Polish Biography, we would mention the last kings of 

 Poland ; Alexander, in 1501 ; Sigismund I., 1507 ; Sigismund II., 

 Augustus, 1548; Henry of Anjou, 1573; Stephen Balore, 1576; 

 Sigismund III., 1587; Vladislaus VI., 1632; John II., Casimir, 

 1648; Michael, 1669; John III., Sobieski, 1674; Augustus II., 

 1697; Frederick Augustus, 1734; and Stanislaus Poniatowski, 1764; 

 who was dethroned on the dismemberment of Poland. Thaddeus 

 Kosciusko, the Polish patriot, died in 1817, in Switzerland ; and 

 Count Joseph Pulaski, (or Pulawski), who also aided the United 

 States, fell at Savannah, in 1779. Of Polish historians, Duglosa 

 died in 1480 ; and Naruszewicz, also a statesman and poet, died in 

 1796. Stryikowski, and Kobierzyzki, are also Polish historians. 

 Of Polish poets, Kochanowski died in 1584; Krasicki, in 1802; 

 Trembecki, in 1812; and Karpinski, in 1820. Nicholas Coperni- 

 cus of Thorn, the Polish astronomer, died in 1543. 



Under Russian Biography, we have room to mention only the 

 more recent sovereigns, since Russia became a prominent empire. 

 They are Peter, the Great, sole monarch, in 1696; Catherine I., 

 1725; Peter II., 1727; Anne, 1730; Ivan (or John) III., 1740; 

 Elizabeth, 1741; Peter III., 1762 ; Catherine II., same year; Paul, 

 1796 ; Alexander, 1801 ; and Nicholas, 1825. Prince Gregory Alex- 

 androwitsch Potemkin, the favorite and minister of Catharine II., died 

 in 1791. Count Peter Alexandrowitsch Romanzoff died in 1796; 

 Count Suwaroff-Rimnitzkoy, (or Suwarrow), who defeated the 

 Turks, and opposed the French in Italy, died in 1800; and Field 

 Marshal Kutusoff, died in 1813. Krusenstern, the circumnavigator, 

 is, we believe, still living. Nicholas Karamsin, the historian, died 

 in 1826. Of the Russian poets, Michael Wasilowitz Lomonosoff 

 died in 1765; and Gabriel Romanowich Derschawin, died in 1819. 

 OserofF and Cheraskoff, are also poets of note. Professor Peterman 

 Simon Pallas, the naturalist, of German birth, died in 1811. 



CHAPTER IV. 



AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY. 



ON the subject of American Biography, we feel it a duty to be more 

 full than in the preceding branches, so far as we have the means of 

 being so : though unfortunately the records of Spanish America are 

 so imperfect as to present us with only a skeleton of that division of 

 the present branch. Under American Biography, will properly be 

 included the names of many persons born in Europe ; but who came 

 to this continent at an early period, or here acquired distinction. 

 The Biography of citizens of the United States, being to us much 

 the most important, will naturally occupy a large portion of our 

 allotted space ; especially as our own country has produced a large 

 portion of all the Americans who have yet acquired distinction, in the 

 various pursuits of life. 



1. We shall commence the section on United States Biography, 



