AMERICAN. 277 



favored the revolution, was put to death in 1811 ; and his coadjutor, 

 Morelos, was shot in 1815. General Xavier Mina, another patriot, 

 was shot in 1817. Jlugustin Iturbide, sometime emperor of Mexi- 

 co, was shot in 1824. The successive presidents of Mexico, have 

 been, Fernandez Guadaloupe Victoria, (or Vittoria), in 1825 ; Vin- 

 cente Guerrero, in 1829 ; Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna, in 1833 ; 

 and Anastasio Bustamente, in 1837. Among other political charac- 

 ters in Mexico, we would simply name Nicholas Bravo, the first 

 vice president, and Negrete, and Pedrazas. In Central America, the 

 succession of presidents, has been, Manuel Jose Arce, in 1825 ; and 

 Francisco Morazan, in 1830; who has since been re-elected. Among 

 other statesmen of Central America, are, Beltranena, Barrundia, 

 Prado, Salazar, and Virgil, all of whom have held the office of vice 

 president, in the succession above named, (p. 238.) Inez de la 

 Cruz, was a Mexican nun, and poet of the 18th century. 



The monarchs of Brazil, since it became a distinct kingdom, are, 

 John VI. of Portugal, in 1815 ; Don Pedro I., the first independent 

 emperor, in 1822; and Pedro II., in 1831. Among the statesmen 

 of Brazil, are the brothers Andrade ; also Bonifacio, Ribeiro, Cam- 

 pos, Da Gama, Mello, and others. Among the Brazilian commanders, 

 were admiral Lord Cochrane, now the Scotch earl of Dundonald ; 

 and generals Lima, and Brandt. The minister, Conde da Barca, is 

 named as a patron of science. Manoel Ayres de Cazal, is a Bra- 

 zilian historian ; and we may mention as Brazilian poets, Claude 

 Manoel da Costa, (or Corta) ; Andre Nunes de Silva ; and Antonio 

 Diniz da Cruz e Silva, who flourished in 1807. 



Ojeda and Nicuessa, to whom New Grenada was first granted, 

 flourished in 1508. Pedro Arias de Avila, and Quesada and Benal- 

 cazar were their successors in the conquest of this region. General 

 Francisco Miranda, of Caraccas, who first attempted to liberate his 

 country from the Spanish dominion, died in prison, in 1814, at Ca- 

 diz, in Spain. General Simon Bolivar, the first president of the 

 temporary republic of Colombia, died in 1830. General Francisco 

 de Paula Santander, its first vice president, was elected, in 1832, 

 president of New Grenada, but died in 1840; and Joachim Mos- 

 quera, elected president of Colombia in 1830, has since been vice 

 president of New Grenada ; of which latter republic Jose Ignacio 

 de Marquez became president in 1836. Among other patriots of 

 New Grenada, we would name Urdanata, General Caicedo, and 

 General Sucre, the victor at Pichincha, and Ayachuco, who was 

 assassinated in 1830. General Jose Antonio Paez was elected pre- 

 sident of Venezuela, in 1831; Dr. Vargas, in 1835; and General 

 Paez was re-elected in 1839. Navarreto was its first president. 

 Vincente Rocafuerte succeeded General Flores, we believe in 1838, 

 as president of Equador, or Equator. 



Of Peruvian Biography, Francisco Pizarro, the conqueror of 

 Peru, was assassinated at Lima, in 1541 ; Diego Almagro, his asso- 

 ciate, having been put to death in 1537, by Ferdinand Pizarro, bro- 

 ther of Francisco. General Jose de San Martin, the liberator of 

 Peru, was declared its first president, or protector,, in 1821 ; and 

 General Jose La Mar, elected president in 1822, was superseded by 

 57 2 A 



