278 BIOGRAPHY. 



Bolivar; but re-elected in 1827. He was deposed by La Fuente ; and 

 General Gamarra succeeded as president in 1829; but he was suc- 

 ceeded by Obregoso, in 1833. General Sucre, of Venezuela, was 

 elected president of Bolivia, or upper Peru, in 1826: General Ve- 

 lasco succeeded him, in 1828; General Blanco, elected soon after, 

 was assassinated in 1829 ; and General Santa Cruz was elected 

 president in 1829; as we have already mentioned in the preceding 

 department, (p. 240). Among the royalist generals, opposed to the 

 revolution in Peru, were La Serna, Valdez, Canterac, Rodil, and 

 Olaneta. Torretagle first joined the republicans, but afterwards 

 united with the Spanish forces. 



Of Chili, Pedro de Valdivia, the first conqueror, was defeated by 

 the Araucanians, in 1553 ; Joseph Manto was the governor in 1742 ; 

 and Jlntonio Gonzago, in 1770. Rodriguez and the three Carreras, 

 were murdered, at the instigation of San Martin, in or about 1817. 

 Bernardo O 1 Hi g gins became the first supreme director, in 1817 : 

 General Ramon Freire succeeded him in 1823 ; and Admiral Manuel 

 Blanco, in 1 826. Don Jose Maria Benevente was elected president 

 in 1827; and General Joaquin Prieto, in 1831. The successive 

 vice presidents have been Pinto, in 1827; Vicuna, in 1829; and 

 Portales, in 1831, who was assassinated in 1838. 



Of La Plata, or Buenos Ayres, Pedro de Mendoza, the first co- 

 lonizer, flourished in 1553. Since the revolution in La Plata, the 

 successive heads of the government have been, Liniers, the French- 

 man, in 1810; Cisneros, in 1811, superseded the same year by a 

 triumvirate; Pozadas, in 1814, as supreme director; Pueyrredon, 

 in 1816; Rondeau, in 1819; Rivadavia, in 1826; Dorrego, in 

 Buenos Ayres, in 1827, who was shot, and superseded by General 

 Lavalle, head of the federalists or Unitarios, in 1828 ; General Juan 

 Jose Viamont, in 1829 ; General Juan Manuel de Rosas, in the same 

 year; General Quiroga, in 1830; General Ramon de Balcarce, in 

 1833; General Viamont, again in 1834; and General Rosas, again 

 in 1835. General Fructuoso Ribeira, (or Rivera), was elected pre- 

 sident of Uruguay, in 1833 ; General Oribe, in 1835; and the former 

 was re-elected in 1836. 



