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by Lobeira, a Portuguese. El Conde Lucanor, or the Count Luca- 

 nor, by Prince Juan Manuel, contains excellent precepts for princes ; 

 and is regarded as the first pure model of the Spanish language. 

 Count Jllarcos, is a tragic novel, the author of which we are unable to 

 name. The comic romance, Lazarillo de Tormes, by the statesman 

 Mendoza, and the Don Guzman de JMfarache, or Spanish Rogue, 

 by Aleman, are said to have suggested the French novel of Gil Bias, 

 by Le Sage. These were followed by the romances of Timoneda, 

 and Montalvan ; of some repute : but the most celebrated Spanish 

 novel is the Don Quixotte, of Cervantes ; which is at the same time 

 a satire on the absurdities of chivalry, a striking moral picture of 

 human life, and a pure model of the Spanish language. Cervantes 

 wrote another novel, entitled Persiles and Sismunda ; and an earlier 

 collection of Exemplary Novels, or tales, of a moral character. The 

 Life of Friar Gerund, by the Jesuit de 1'Isla, under the assumed 

 name of Lobon de Salazar, is a spirited satire on the bad preaching 

 of the monks, suggested by Don Quixotte. The fables of Yriarte, 

 are possessed of some originality and merit ; but in the field of ora- 

 tory, we believe that the Spaniards have few productions. 



Of Portuguese poetry, the principal epic is the rfs Lusiadas, (or 

 Os Lusiados), the Lusiad of Camoens ; which relates to the disco- 

 veries and conquests of his countrymen in the east, particularly those 

 of Vasco da Gama, in his first voyage to India : but it has been ob- 

 served that Camoens's chief hero was his country. The Contestabre 

 de Portugal, by Lobo, is a prosaic poem, the hero of which is Pe- 

 reira, the High Constable of the kingdom : and the JVaufragio, by 

 Corte Real, relates to the shipwreck and sufferings of De Sousa, on 

 the coast of Africa. Corte Real also wrote an epic poem on the 

 Siege of Diu, (or Dio), and its defence by Mascarenhas. The 

 Fountain of Aganippe, by Faria y Souza, is considered inferior ; as 

 also the Henriqueida, of Meneses count of Ericeyra, in praise of the 

 first king of Portugal. The Ulysses, of Castro, and the Malacca 

 Conquistada, of Sa y Menesez, are regarded as works of merit ; as 

 also the Ouraguay, of Basilio da Gama, describing the conquest of 

 Paraguay. 



Of Portuguese lyric poetry, the odes and epistles of Ferreira, have 

 been compared to those of Horace ; and are doubtless excellent. 

 Camoens wrote some sonnets and canzonets ; and we have recent 

 odes by Manoel ; and canzonets by Bocage. The pastoral poems 

 of Ribeyro, had many imitators ; and led to numerous other works 

 of this class. Falcao, (or Falcum), was one of his imitators, but 

 his inferior. The pastorals of Andrade Caminha, and Bernardes Pi- 

 menta, are still less regarded ; and the pastoral romances of Lobo, 

 are said to be very monotonous. The elegies of Bacellar, and the 

 comic poems of Freire de Andrade, are also of minor importance. 

 The dramatic poems of Gil Vicente, were probably the best early 

 ones in Portuguese, and served as models not only to Camoens, but 

 also to the two great Spanish dramatists. Camoens wrote the Am- 

 phitryons, Seleucus, and Filodemo, or Philodemus, the latter of a 

 pastoral character ; and Miranda wrote two Portuguese comedies, 

 Os Esfrangeiros, or the Strangers, and Os Villalpandios, the Vill- 

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