394 IDIOPHYSICS. 



in the arts ; and polyhalite, a complex sulphate of lime, potassa, and 

 other bases. 



In the second, or Entogaean class of minerals, the order Ha- 

 linea, or saline minerals, includes alum stone, from which alum is 

 made ; fluor spar, or fluoride of calcium, used for ornaments ; 

 apatite chiefly phosphate of lime ; gypsum, and anhydrite, both 

 sulphate of lime ; calcareous spar, and arragonite, carbonates of lime ; 

 and dolomite, or magnesian limestone. The order Barytinea, or 

 heavy earthy minerals, includes strontianite, and celestine, or the car- 

 bonate and sulphate of strontia : witherite, and heavy spar, or car- 

 bonate and sulphate of baryta ; bismuth blende, and calamine, or silicate 

 of bismuth, and carbonate of zinc ; spathic iron, or brown spar, a car- 

 bonate of iron ; white lead, or carbonate of lead ; ehromate of lead, 

 or chrome yellow ; blue and green malachite, carbonates of copper ; 

 and uranite, chiefly phosphate of uranium. The order Ceratinea, or 

 hornlike minerals, includes horn-silver, and horn quicksilver, chlo- 

 rides of silver and mercury ; and iodic silver, having also a resinous 

 lustre. The order Osmerinea, or minerals possessing odor, includes 

 allophane, or hydrous silicate of alumina ; serpentine, or hydrous 

 silicate of magnesia ; also native magnesia ; with talc, and steatite, 

 or soapstone, which are chiefly silicates of magnesia ; and chlorite, 

 and nacrite, silicates of alumina and iron. 



The order Chalicinea, or silicious minerals, includes mica, impro- 

 perly called isinglass, it being a silicate of alumina, potassa, and iron ; 

 feldspar, or silicate of alumina and potassa; hornblende, or silicate 

 of magnesia, lime and iron ; and turquois, and lazulite, of a rich blue 

 color. The order Hyalinea, or glass-like minerals, includes tourma- 

 line, chiefly a silicate of alumina and iron ; the beryl, and chryso- 

 beryl ; the sapphire, which is pure alumina; the diamond, or pure 

 crystallized carbon; the topaz, and chrysolite; quartz, or pure silex; 

 the garnet, and zircon. The order Scaptinea, or excavated minerals, 

 includes most of the ores of the metals, other than sulphurets ; most 

 of them being oxides, or containing oxygen. The order Metal- 

 linea, includes the native metals, and their alloys, having a bright 

 metallic lustre. The order Pyrltinea, includes those sulphurets of 

 the rnetals, usually called pyrites, which have a full metallic lustre; 

 as iron pyrites, or bisulphuret of iron ; and copper pyrites, a double 

 sulphuret of iron and copper ; both these minerals resembling gold 

 in appearance. The order Galinea, or shining metals, also com- 

 prises chiefly sulphurets having a metallic lustre, but a darker color 

 than those of the preceding order; as tin pyrites,. or sulphuret of 

 copper and tin ; galena, or sulphuret of lead ; and the sulphuret of 

 bismuth. The order Jldelinea, or minerals of imperfect lustre, in- 

 cludes those sulphurets, and similar minerals, the metallic lustre of 

 which is not very manifest ; as blende, or sulphuret of zinc ; cin- 

 nabar, or sulphuret of mercury ; and realgar and orpiment, sulphu- 

 rets of arsenic. The last order, Theiinea, is confined to native sul- 

 phur, chiefly of volcanic origin. 



The third class of minerals, Hypogaea, is subdivided into two 

 orders ; the first of which, Pittinea, or pitch-like minerals, easily 



