468 CHREOTECHNICS. 



that they may all have access to the light. Hot walls, are sometimes 

 constructed, with furnaces and extensive flues, for forcing the growth 

 of wall fruit, by artificial heat. Arbors, covered with vines, are 

 highly ornamental in gardens, and present a grateful shade in hot 

 weather. Of grottoes, statues, and other like ornaments, we have 

 no farther room to speak. 



2. Under the head of Kitchen and Table Gardening, we com- 

 prehend the cultivation of vegetables, and of fruit, for the kitchen and 

 the table. This division of Gardening, is doubtless the most useful ; 

 as supplying no small portion of our vegetable food. The ground 

 allotted for raising esculent or kitchen vegetables, should have a deep, 

 rich soil, well manured, and thoroughly tilled. It is usually laid out 

 in small compartments, termed beds, with narrow paths, or walks, 

 between ; especially for those smaller vegetables which would be 

 injured by walking among them. Garden potatoes, of the richer and 

 earlier kinds, are cultivated like those in the fields : and tomatoes, of 

 which the fruit alone is eaten, are raised in a similar manner. Peas 

 are planted in rows ; and the larger kinds require bushing, that the 

 vines may cling to the dry bushes for support. Some varieties of 

 beans, require the support of long poles, like the hop and the vine : 

 but most kinds are of low growth. Cucumbers, squashes, and melons, 

 are planted in hills, which should be filled deeply with manure ; but 

 cabbage, cauliflower, and broccoli, beets, carrots, and parsnips, turnips 

 and onions, are planted singly, at short intervals, in beds of deep soil. 

 Of salads and herbs, as the radish, lettuce, celery, asparagus, sage, 

 and mint, we can make no farther mention. 



The plantation of orchards, for the larger fruits, as apples, pears, 

 plums, peaches, cherries, and quinces, belongs alike to agriculture 

 and to gardening. The young trees are raised from the seeds, in 

 nurseries, and then transplanted to a more ample space. Fruit trees, 

 thrive well along the walls of gardens ; where they also serve for 

 shade. In training fruit trees, the processes of grafting, and inocu- 

 lating, are often resorted to, in order to improve the quality of the 

 fruit ; by taking shoots, or buds, from approved trees, and inserting 

 them on others, where, with proper precautions, they continue to 

 grow. The grape vine, is an appropriate ornament for bowers or 

 walls ; and is also cultivated in green-houses, called graperies. 

 Shrub fruits, as the currant, gooseberry, raspberry, and blackberry, 

 are appropriate for borders : while the strawberry is raised in beds ; 

 and, like various other plants, requires some protection from the 

 vicissitudes of the winter. 



3. Under the head of Botanical Gardening, as already ex- 

 plained, \\e include the cultivation of flowers, and ornamental 

 and medicinal, as well as rare and exotic plants. A private 

 flower garden, should form an ornamental appendage to the man- 

 sion ; and be visible and easily accessible therefrom : the kitchen 

 garden and orchards lying beyond it, towards the open fields. It 

 should be well supplied with evergreen trees and shrubs, which give 

 it a cheerful appearance, even in winter ; and the box and smaller 

 evergreens are occasionally used as edgings, surrounding the flower 

 beds or compartments. Much skill, as well as taste, may be dis- 



