MUSIC. 531 



Laocob'n, is attributed to Agesander and his sons; and the Farnese 

 Hercules, to Glycon. 



Of modern sculpture, the Moses, of Michael Angelo is a sublime 

 production ; and his statues of Morning, Noon, Evening, and 

 Night, are justly celebrated. Cellini executed a superior bronze 

 statue of Perseus ; and Bernini is remembered in his St. Theresa 

 and St. Bibiana. Puget's colossal St. Sebastian does honor to 

 French sculpture ; and Falconet executed the colossal, equestrian 

 statue of Peter the Great, at St. Petersburg!). Rauchmiiller modelled 

 the equestrian statue of Frederick William at Berlin : and the Ari- 

 adne, of Dannecker, is mentioned as worthy of classic fame. Flax- 

 man's monument of Lord Mansfield, is considered the best of the 

 kind in England. Canova excelled in the beautiful, as shown in his 

 statues of Venus, Cupid, and Psyche ; and his groups of Venus and 

 Jldonis, and Cupid and Psyche : but Thorwaldsen excels also in 

 severer themes, as shown in his statues of Mars, and Jldonis, which 

 first established his fame. His group of the Graces is worthy of its 

 author; but that of our Saviour and the Twelve Jlpostles, is doubt- 

 less the most remarkable which this art has produced since the days 

 of Grecian glory. 



CHAPTER IV. 



MUSIC. 



Music, is that branch of the Fine Arts, which relates to the pro- 

 duction of sounds, regulated according to the principles of melody 

 and harmony. The name is derived from the Greek, povaixy ; which 

 originally included not only music, but poetry and eloquence ; or, in 

 a still wider sense, all the arts attributed to the Muses. In common 

 language, the word Music signifies not only the art of composing or 

 performing, but the musical composition or the performance itself. 

 Though its object is frequently mere amusement ; it serves other 

 purposes, when used to convey information, or commands, as by the 

 notes of the trumpet or bugle, in war ; and, from its power in exciting 

 and expressing strong emotions, it has been introduced and conse- 

 crated, in all ages, as a part of divine worship. Its influence, even on 

 the brute creation, proves that it is founded on natural principles ; and 

 when rationally cultivated, without neglecting higher duties, it is a 

 pure and noble source of enjoyment. 



Music is doubtless an art of extremely ancient origin ; and it may 

 have sprung from an imitation of the notes of birds, whose strains it 

 still occasionally aims to copy. According to the Mosaic records, 

 Jubal invented musical instruments, long before the deluge : and 

 when the Egyptians were overthrown in the Red Sea, Miriam, and 

 the other women of Israel, sang, to the notes of the timbrel, songs 

 of praise and exultation. Some writers have supposed the Hebrew 

 music to have been derived from the Egyptians ; and it is certain that 

 the lyre and harp, the timbrel or tabor, and pipe or flute, were used 



