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acquifolia. It grows in a compact, rounding form, and is beautiful at 

 all seasons, whether in the glossy brightness of its varnished foliage 

 during winter, the profuse cluster of its yellow blossoms in spring, the 

 fern-like delicacy of its young foliage in .early summer, or when laden 

 with clusters of its dark-colored berries. Where the mercury frequently 

 sinks below zero this plant will not prove ornamental. The recent addi- 

 tions to our hardy evergreen shrubs have been notable and valuable. 

 The retinosporas alone comprise great variety. The Euonymus japonicus 

 and its silver and gold striped varieties, furnish valuable material where 

 they will withstand the winters. The taxus, cupressus, juniperus, and 

 thujas furnish numerous plants of dwarf growth for the shrubbery. 



Ln respect to the heavier tree growths, it is clearly manifest that the 

 finest examples of arrangement are those where evergreen and decidu- 

 ous trees are treated as forming distinct scenery; and of these the 

 evergreens are, perhaps, the most valuable because they furnish a win- 

 ter clothing to the landscape, with but little aid from deciduous plauts, 

 while the summer assistance of the latter only supplement and adorn 

 the forms and colors of the evergreens. 



To produce the best winter effect from evergreens, they should be 

 planted mainly in the foreground, particularly on such projecting points 

 as are conspicuous, so that while these points or groups may be rather 

 widely separated, they will have a continuous appearance by the tops 

 of those in one group apparently connecting with the lower branches of 

 the group beyond, as seen from the principal points ot view. An indis- 

 criminate mixture of all kinds of trees is destructive of beauty. The 

 deciduous varieties diminish the beauty of evergreens during winter by 

 breaking up the continuity of color and respose so essential to the best 

 effects, either in gardening or painting ; and during the summer sea- 

 son, the more numerous the branches and broader expanse of foliage of 

 the deciduous trees, if close to evergreens, will overpower the latter, 

 and, in time, completely destroy them, by an excessive amount of shade, 

 and also by the extraction of moisture from the soil. For defining out- 

 lines or rounding off groups, no plant is so appropriate or can so well 

 be adapted to any position as the hemlock spruce. Its wavy branches 

 convey a more finished impression than any other hardy evergreen, and 

 no other can excel it either in beauty of growth or general usefulness in 

 producing the best effects of landscape gardening. 



3. To gradually Mend evergreen and deciduous plantations by pleasing 

 connections. The majority of evergreen trees are conical and pointed 

 in form, while among deciduous species the prevailing habit is flat or 

 round-headed; but trees of those opposite forms may be found in both 

 classes. Spiry topped and conical forms are seen in the larches, Caro- 

 lina cypress, Lonibardy, and other poplars, and round-headed ever- 

 greens ere seen in the Scotch and Austrian pine. Many species of the 

 pine tribe, although of a pyramidal or pointed form when the plants 

 are young, assume an open, spreading habit as they become older. 



