THE BARNARD TREES. 17 



locality was comparatively rare in trees under 3 years of age, is also 

 opposed to tbe view that the proximity of diseased orchards had any- 

 thing 1 to do with this special case. With a full knowledge of the facts 

 the conclusion was irresistible that the infection came only from the 

 inserted buds. 



An examination made in November, i. e., 3 months later, showed 

 plainly that the disease was progressing more trees were dead and 

 fewer were healthy. At that date the number of stocks clearly affected 

 amounted to 40 per cent. The control trees were still free from the 

 disease, although they stood close upon both sides in parallel rows. 

 Plate vm, made from photographs, shows the condition of 3 of these 

 inoculated trees November 3, 1888. 



Ten of the inoculated and diseased trees were removed that autumn 

 and set in Washington on the grounds of the Department of Agricul- 

 ture. The remainder were left over winter in the nursery rows. In the 

 spring of 1889 the latter were carefully removed and set out' on the farm 

 of Dr. W. S. Maxwell, some miles distant. None made any growth 

 worth mentioning and all died within a year some from the shock of 

 transplanting and the rest with plain symptoms of yellows. 



The ten trees set on the Department grounds made considerable 

 growth in 1889, and developed into very characteristic specimens of 

 yellows. The germination of the winter buds 6 or 8 mouths in advance 

 of the proper time occurred freely on many shoots arising from the 

 stock and fully set at rest all lingering doubts respecting the nature 

 of the disease. The foliage was yellowish or reddish, and the total 

 growth as compared with neighboring healthy trees was also very 

 meager and stunted (plate ix, from a photograph made October 21, 

 1889, wherein the trees are contrasted with two healthy seedlings each 

 1 year younger). Plate x, from a part of the same row, brings out 

 certain details more distinctly. These trees were again photographed, 

 November 21, 1890, at which time the unbudded seedlings were much 

 larger and still healthy, while the inoculated trees were dead or 

 nearly dead (plates xt and xn). Between this date and the time 

 when the trees were set they were examined repeatedly and shown 

 to various persons. During all this period they had unmistakable 

 symptoms of yellows and became gradually more and more feeble. 

 The moving of the trees into different and fertile soil did no good. The 

 five unbudded seedling trees standing in the same row are more than 100 

 times as large, although one year younger. There was no shock from 

 transplanting, and the difference in size must be ascribed to the stunt- 

 ing effect of the disease. Jn passing, it is interesting to note that the 

 5 healthly seedlings are those noted in my first Eeport,* p. 145, as hav- 

 ing grown from the pits of premature peaches. These trees have con- 

 tinued healthly and now bear a heavy crop of green fruit (July, 1891). 



* Peach Yellows : A preliminary report. U. S. Department of Agriculture, 188d, 

 1G09 Bull 1 2 



