376 



PEAR GROWING IN CALIFORNIA. 



destructive. The appearance of this species is somewhat similar to that 

 of the black scale. It is, however, brown instead of black, and does not 

 have the distinguishing "H" like marking on the dorsum. 



Control. 



Spray trees very thoroughly during the dormant season with For- 

 mula No. 6 or 7. 



EUROPEAN OR ITALIAN PEAR SCALE (Epidiaspis pyricola). 



The Italian pear scale is recognized by characteristic pits or depres- 

 sions which it forms in the bark of affected trees. The color of the 

 scale is almost exactly that of the branches, and as it is very flat its 

 presence would not be easily detected but for the pitting mentioned. 



In the Santa Clara Valley 

 this insect is quite common, 

 though not often very de- 

 structive. 



Control. 



Use Formula No. 1, 2, 5, 

 6 or 7. 



FLAT-HEADED APPLE-TREE 



BORER 

 (Chrysobothris femorata). 



Young pear trees are fre- 

 quently badly injured or 

 killed by this common species 

 of borer. It is sometimes 

 known as the sun borer, 

 because of the fact that it 

 commonly enters trees that 

 have been sun-scalded. In 

 fact, unless a tree has been 

 injured or weakened in some 

 manner it is seldom attacked 

 by this species of borer. 

 Therefore preventive meas- 

 ures are more necessary than 

 anything else in connection 

 with the control of this pest. 

 The species is recognized by 

 the long, segmented, tapering 

 body with large V-shaped 

 head. 



Control. 



Protect the trunks of young 

 trees by whitewash, Formula 



FIG. 167. 



Italian pear scale, Epidiaspis 

 pyricola. 



No. 21, or by tree protectors. These are made either of yucca or heavy 

 paper. 



158 



