,46 THE SCIENCE OF LIFE. 



flowers have neither calyx nor corolla, but merely a sin- 

 gle scale. Their bark has an astringent quality from the 

 presence of tannin, and some, as the Willow, yield a 

 valuable tonic febrifuge, (Salicin^) The fruit of many 

 species contains starchy matter, rendering it edible by 

 man or animals, as the acorns of oak, mast of birch, nuts 

 of the hazel, etc. 



5. In the order COROLLIFLORvE, or Exogens having 

 the petals united, and bearing the stamens, are to be 

 found the Mistletoe, the Honeysuckle, Peruvian bark, 

 Valerian, Teazel, Harebell, Lobelia, Heath, Cranberry, 

 Ebony, Holly, Jasmine, Olive, Asclepias, Dog-bane, 

 Gentian, Trumpet-flower, Phlox, Convolvulus, Borage, 

 Nightshade, Figwort, Labiate, Vervain, Acanthus, Prim- 

 rose, and Composite families. 



The Honeysuckle family (CAPRIFOLIACE^E) is divided 

 into the true Honeysuckle tribe (Lonicerece) and the El- 

 der tribe, (Sambucecz?) 



The Peruvian Bark family (RUBIACE^E) contains, in 

 addition to the Peruvian bark of commerce, (Cinchona?) 

 the Ipecacuanha, (Ccphaelis Ipecacuanha^) the Coffee-tree, 

 (Coffca arabica^) and the Madder, (Rubia tinctorial) 



The Heaths (ERICACEAE) contain many beautiful and 

 showy plants, as the Rhododendrons, Azaleas, and Kal- 

 mias. The Partridge-berry, (Gaultheria procumbeus^ the 

 Bear-berry, (Arctostaphylos Uva-Ursi,) and the Chima- 

 philla, (Pyrola innbcllata^) are sometimes used in medicine. 



In the Olive family (OLEACE^:) is placed the Olive, 

 Lilac or Syringa, and the Ash, (Fraxinus excelsior?) 



The Gentians (GENTIANACE^E) are mostly dwarf her 

 baceous plants, with deep blue flowers. 



