148 THE SCIENCE OF LIFE. 



having the florets all ligulate, as Chicory, Dandelion, and 

 Lettuce. The Daisies, Asters, Chrysanthemums, and 

 Dahlias of the gardens are all composite flowers. 



6. In the subdivision of CALYCIFLORE^E are placed 

 Exogens which have a calyx, and corolla with distinct 

 petals, and whose stamens are attached to the calyx. 



In the Buckthorn family (RHAMNACE^:) we find the 

 genus Rhamnus, several of whose species yield cathartic 

 medicine, and Ceanothus, or Mountain tea. 



The Cashew-nut family (ANACARDIACE^:) contains the 

 Cashew-nut, (Pistacia vera}) Rhus Toxicodcndron, or Poi- 

 son-oak, and many plants which furnish varnishes, as the 

 Japan lacquer, (Stagmaria verniciflua^} 



A number of fragrant balsamic resins, including myrrh, 

 (Balsamodendron Myrrha?) are obtained from plants of 

 the Amyris family, (AMYRIDACE^E.) 



The Pea and Bean family (LEGUMINOS^:) is very ex- 

 tensive, containing more than four hundred and fifty 

 genera and six thousand five hundred species. It em- 

 braces many valuable medicinal plants, as those yielding 

 Senna, Gum-arabic, Tragacanth, Catechu, and Kino; 

 important dyes, as Indigo and Logwood ; valuable tim- 

 ber-trees, as Locust-tree and Rosewood ; and plants fur- 

 nishing nutritious food, as the Bean and Pea. This 

 order has been divided into three sub-orders, I. Papilio- 

 nazece ; having papilionaceous flowers, the petals imbri- 

 cated in aestivation, and the upper one exterior. The 

 plants of this section often have beautiful showy flowers, 

 as Robinia, Laburnum, Lupinus, etc. The various kinds 

 of Clover, Beans, Peas, and Pulse belong to it. The 

 Glycyrrhiza glabra, or plant yielding liquorice-root, the 



