VERTEBRATA. 275 



apparently eight ; but the two outer ones are canines. 

 With few exceptions, as the Camel, all Ruminants have 

 horns, which are in pairs. Those of the Deer (Fig. 167) 

 are solid, bony, and deciduous ; those of the Giraffe 

 and Antelope are solid, horny, and permanent ; in the 

 Goat, Sheep, and Ox they are hollow, horny, and per- 

 manent. 



Order II. Carnivora, or Beasts of Prey, have four 

 long, acute, canine teeth, and there is a gap between 

 the incisors and canines of the upper jaw for the recep- 

 tion of the lower canine. There are usually six incisors 

 in each jaw. The digits always have sharp and pointed 

 claws. The body is cov- 

 ered with hair. 



The order is divided 

 according to the pecu- 

 liarities of the limbs. 

 (Fig. 168.) 



The Pinnigrada com- 

 prise the Seals and Wal- 

 ruses. The fore feet are 

 webbed and form pad- 



fir,. 1(^8. I oe of Lion. a. With the claw 



dleS The hind feet are exte ded. />. c. Without the skin, retracted 



and extended. 



at the end of the body, 



enveloped in the integument, and in action they resem- 

 ble the screw of a steam-ship. They live on fish. 



The Plantigrada have the whole, or nearly the whole, 

 of the hind foot in the form of a sole, which rests on the 

 ground. The claws are not retractile ; the ears are small, 

 and tail short. Bears, Badgers, and Raccoons are well- 

 known examples. 



