SCIENCE AND REVOLUTION 



XIII. THE OUTCOME OF CLASSIC PHILOSOPHY 

 IN GERMANY 



These conditions were at once reflected in 

 philosophy. It was Hegel whose works marked 

 the next milestone after Kant. Hegel's " Phe- 

 nomenology of the Mind " appeared in 1807. 

 His " Science of Logic " followed in 1812-16, his 

 " Encyclopedia of Philosophical Sciences " in 

 1817, his " Philosophy of Right " and " Philoso- 

 phy of Religion " in 1821, and his maturest work, 

 the " Philosophy of History," in 1827. This last 

 work differs from all previous historical works 

 "by its distinct recognition of evolution, although 

 it does not understand the means by which the 

 evolution of human societies is brought about. 

 From now on, the world and society were re- 

 garded dialectically, that is to say as a succession 

 of processes following one out of another. 

 Things were no longer merely static, but also 

 dynamic and dialectic. 



But unfortunately, the mystical ideas were still 

 predominating. The reaction after the French 

 revolution had produced a profound dissatisfac- 

 tion with materialism in the bourgeois mind, and 

 as natural science had not yet permitted the ma- 



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