SCIENCE AND REVOLUTION 



In therapeutics and pathology, similar experi- 

 ments led to the introduction, by Koch, Pasteur, 

 and others, of serous treatment, and the advance 

 of chemistry supplied anaesthetics for surgical 

 operations and robbed pain of its victims. 



Comparative physiology, assisted by the bio- 

 genetic law and palaeontology, gradually traced 

 the evolution of man from the common ancestor 

 of man and primates down through some primi- 

 tive species of lemurs (night monkeys), thence on 

 through marsupials, duckbills, saurians, fishes, to 

 ascidians. Then Haeckel advanced his gastrula 

 theory and divided the lowest organisms into 

 unicellular protozoa and protophyta, and multi- 

 cellular metazoa and metaphyta, bringing the, 

 descent of man down to some primordial common 

 protist ancestor of animals and plants. 



In Haeckel's " New History of Creation " and 

 Bcelsche's " Evolution of Man," the whole thread 

 of evolution from the unicellular protoplasm to 

 modern man is outlined so plainly, that we can 

 follow it from natural specimen to natural speci- 

 men and convince ourselves by a visit to any 

 well-equipped museum of natural history of the 

 reality of this outline. 



In the sixties, Kirchhoff and Bunsen discov- 

 ered spectral analysis and thus furnished science 



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