SCIENCE AND REVOLUTION 



minimum, transforming manual labor into a su- 

 perintendence of machines, and narrowing the 

 domain of disease and death. Everywhere we 

 see the coming of that conscious control of ele- 

 ments which Marx has foretold. 



But here, where natural science touches elbows 

 with social science, even the clearest of the bour- 

 geois thinkers bears evidence to the force of 

 environment by falling short of a complete mo- 

 nistic conception of evolution. For such a con- 

 ception foreshadows the abolition of the ruling 

 classes and the control of society by the working 

 class. Even the most encyclopedic mind among 

 the bourgeois transformists, the avatar of evolu- 

 tion, as he has been called, Herbert Spencer, 

 admitted but grudgingly that the evolution of 

 society tended inevitably toward socialism. And 

 so enveloped was he in the prejudices of bour- 

 geois individualism, in spite of his understanding 

 of the trend toward socialization, in spite of the 

 eloquent language of dialectic evolution which 

 through his own mouth heralded the conscious 

 interrelation of things, that he completely mis- 

 apprehended the effects of the socialization and 

 democratization of industry and bemoaned the 

 sad fate of humanity under the " coming slavery." 

 In ethics, his bourgeois horizon likewise did not 



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