SCIENCE AND REVOLUTION 



clean philosopher's clothes by his doctrine of the 

 ' radical evil/ and even Schiller, the enthusiastic 

 Kantian, ridiculed the genuine philistine spleen, 

 according to which not he was acting virtuously, 

 who from motives of compassion assisted his 

 fellow-beings because he was only following 

 his own impulse but rather, e. g., a miser who 

 at the 'dictation of the categorical imperative very 

 reluctantly offers charity. . . . Even Scho- 

 penhauer, who proclaimed himself as the genuine 

 and true heir to Kant's throne and justly so in 

 many respects rebelled against Kant's ethics. 

 On Kant's rule, ' The sentiment which commands 

 man to obey the moral law is that it should be 

 obeyed as a duty, not from voluntary choice or 

 without being ordered,' Schopenhauer comment- 

 ed with the fitting remark, ' it must be ordered. 

 What slave morals ! ' And these slave morals 

 are to be grafted into the proletarian fight for 

 emancipation ! " 



Of course there is a germ of truth even in 

 this Kantian idea of doing that which requires 

 individual self-compulsion. The individual must 

 adapt himself to his environment, on penalty of 

 being eliminated from the line of forward evolu- 

 tion by natural selection. An understanding of 

 the facts of evolution serves, therefore, as a 



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