138 SEA FISHERIES 



as winter stations. It is essential to protect the fish 

 against the north winds. A very pretty system is em- 

 ployed. When the bora blows fresh water is let into 

 the winter moats. On account of its lesser density this 

 water remains on the surface, where it quickly freezes, 

 and this layer of ice is the best shelter the fish could have. 

 Lagoons, seashore ponds, closed bays, and fjords thus 

 dealt with are by no means uncommon in Europe. I 

 remember visiting the important dams in the Uddevalla 

 Fjord in the north of Goteborg. The Norwegians make 

 use of the creeks and coves into which the brooks empty 

 in order to breed trout and American salmon or brook 

 trout, and even carp. The growth of these three species 

 is very rapid, on account of the greater abundance of 

 nourishment in salt water than in fresh. This truth is 

 general, but by no means absolute. Thus since 1863 

 the Vendan landowners have followed the custom of 

 peopling their moats, ditches, lakes, and small ponds 

 with the fry of carp, bar, common dabs, plaice, mullet, 

 &c. x All these fry grow more rapidly than in the sea, 

 but do not breed. Their exile inland is therefore profit- 

 able to them. In France the Princess Bacciochi, in 

 1865 or thereabouts, built a dike pierced with two sluices 

 in a creek of the river d'Auray, but since 1883 the basin 

 has been converted into an oyster-park. At the mouth 

 of the Etel the numerous small lagoons have been pro- 

 vided with two sets of sluices ; bar and mullet thrive 

 there. The pools on the oceanic coast are not suitable 



1 At Vieux-Boucau the little lake of La Pensolle, which only 

 communicates with the sea when the tide is extremely high, is 

 supplied with "pibales" so in the Landes are called the young 

 eels from 2f to 4 inches long by a fisherman, who puts in some 

 45 to 70 Ibs. of pibales each year and recovers them later on in the 

 shape of fine adult eels (P. Arne). About the year 60 B.C. Sergius 

 Grata introduced the gilt-head into Lake Locrina, near Naples. 



