228 SEA FISHERIES 



two lateens ; sometimes the coasting traders even 

 combine a square-rigged foremast with a lateen main- 

 sail or mizzen. The tartanes, which are long and narrow, 

 have often a raised stem and stern, curving upwards out 

 of the water. They are 36 to 50 feet long and their 

 tonnage is from 25 to 30. They carry a short upright 

 mast and a bowsprit. On the mast is hung a long curved 

 gaff or antenne (so called because its form reminds one 

 of the antennae of the locust or cicada), on which is set 

 a large triangular sail the lateen of the English sail- 

 maker. The fore end of the antenne is always fixed to 

 the stem of the boat by means of a link. Tartanes are 

 seen in plenty at Martigues and at Cette. The moure de 

 pouar, with or without a cutwater, and the belies are light 

 vessels which can hoist a lateen. The gourses, of Catalan 

 origin, have their only mast raking strongly forward. 1 



This rapid glance at the types of French sailing boats 

 is enough to show the multiplicity of types and rigs. 

 Each type is in some degree the result of the needs and 

 traditions of a district ; it is an effect of the cecumene. 

 Although less numerous in England and Germany, 

 they are mostly of the same type as the French boats of 

 the Channel and the Atlantic coast. The Lowestoft 



1 The values of the different types of fishing boats are much as 

 follows : Three-masted schooners or barquentines ( " Newfound- 

 landers " ), ^3,600 to ;6,8oo ; Iceland schooners, ^2,000 ; dundees 

 (ketches) and luggers, Granville, ^1,200 to ^1,600 ; herring boats, 

 ;i,6oo to ;i,8oo ; tunny boats, ^600 to ^800 ; cutters and ketches, 

 Dunkirk and Calais, 16 to ^32; etadiers, So ; Boulogne and Dieppe 

 sailing boats, 104, ^48, ^24 ; caiques, 64, 32 ; picoteux, 10 ; Nor- 

 wegians, or prams, 6 ; sailing boats, Trouville and Villeville, ^720 ; 

 cutters, Cherbourg, 160 ; bisquines, $2 ; large cutters, Camaret to 

 Port-Louis, ^48 ; ketches, Concarneau, Audierne, Auray, Belle-Isle ; 

 and ketches, Ile-d'Oleron to Royan, ^200 to ^520 ; filardieres, 60 ; 

 yawls, ^28 to 40 ; lasses, 8 ; filardieres, Pauillac, 26 ; small yawls, 

 14 ; calups, 6 ; tilloles or pinasses, 6 to 12. 



