BOATS AND GEAR 237 



cork, which prevents the net from collapsing ; the lower 

 edge is loaded with a string or selvedge of leaden weights. 

 The net grows narrower towards the end, but finally 

 grows wider once more, so as to form an after-pocket. 

 From either side, both top and bottom of the net, run 

 four cords. The wings are 4 feet long, and the warps 

 are fastened to them. The ox-trawl is drawn by two 

 vessels tartanes. It costs 16 to ^24. The varieties 

 of the ox-trawl are numerous. In the gangui a la voile 

 the wings are very wide apart and the pocket very 

 narrow ; this net is used especially on bottoms covered 

 with mud or growths of zostera. In the issaugue the 

 wings are out of all proportion long and the pocket 

 small and almost spherical. 



The shrimp-trawl, the seine, the ground-seine, the 

 ordinary drag-net, &c., are other forms in common use. 

 The Basques and Spaniards use the long seine to enclose 

 the shoals of sardine. Although modified under the 

 name of Belot seines or Guezennec seines, they have 

 not been permanently adopted by the French fishermen. 

 The snurpenot is a "turning" seine used for catching 

 herring ; the Germans, Danes, Norwegians, and some of 

 the Fecamp fishermen use it in Icelandic waters. 



Along the Norwegian coasts the fishermen take the 

 herring in a very picturesque manner, similar in some of 

 its methods to the pilchard fishery of St. Ives. Directly 

 a shoal of herring is espied those interested are warned 

 by semaphore. Motor-boats and sailing boats make a 

 rush for the fjord denoted, and the situation of the shoal 

 is ascertained by the water-telescope and by soundings. 

 Then the fjord is barred or the shoal encircled by means 

 of a lanndvade that is, an impassable circle of nets of a 

 very small mesh three-fifths of an inch on the side. 

 Next comes the business of landing the fish. To that 



