THE FISHERMEN 251 



thousand cod caught by their respective dories ; the 

 product will be shared between dory-master and the 

 bow-hand in the proportion of five-ninths to the first 

 and four-ninths to the second. 



Shipowners may engage an extra dory-master for 

 vessels carrying ten dories, and two for vessels carrying 

 more than ten. 



As will be seen from these examples, the whole docu- 

 ment is amazingly complex and antiquated. 



Finally, let us consider the engagements at fixed wages. 

 The captain of a sailing-vessel receives ^4 i6s. per month, 

 and the mate ^4 8s. ; the crew from 16 i6s. to 19 45. 

 for the season ; the boys and apprentices from -5 45. to 

 6 las., and the gmviers 6. Graviers are the children 

 and young people who spread the fish on the beach at 

 St. Pierre and Miquelon. The captain of the trawler is 

 on the share system ; the mate receives ^4 8s. per month ; 

 the chief-engineer .8 ; the men .3 45. plus an indemnity 

 of 1 6 fr. (i2s. 9jd.) for food. Besides these sums there 

 are gratifications or extras. I know of one Channel port 

 in which the owner of large steam trawlers pays each of 

 his captains 8 per month, plus 4 per cent, on the gross 

 sales ; each chief-engineer receives .8, plus 2 per cent., 

 and each of the crew 5 i2s., plus i per cent. 



Ill 



I must now co-ordinate these scattered data and con- 

 sider what lesson may be drawn from them. 



Let us first of all consider the system of remuneration 

 in vogue in the largest French fishing-port Boulogne. 

 At the end of the eighteenth century, and during the 

 first half of the nineteenth; the shipowners of Boulogne 

 practised the system known as ecorage. Under the 

 system of ecorage the master-fisherman and the crew 



