Thanks to our city Boards of Health for inspecting dairies and 

 preventing such people from sending milk to their city market. 



There is another producer of the middle class from whom we 

 seek material for the certified dairy. He is the man who has good 

 buildings, keeps his stables moderately clean, has fairly good cows 

 and handles his milk in the ordinary way. This is the man from 

 whom these vital questions come. He is not in the business for 

 his health. He is the. man that knows dairying is not the easiest 

 business he might follow, but it is the dollars that he is looking 

 forward to, and not the cities' health. 



What does pure milk mean? It means milk that is produced 

 from healthy cows and under such conditions as shall be pre- 

 scribed by the Medical Milk Commission for pure milk. You 

 gentlemen are all familiar with the rules, and can you wonder why 

 there are so few who contract to follow these rules at the price 

 now paid for certified milk? 



Is it more plausible to ask a dairyman to clean up his dairy 

 than it is to ask a consumer to purchase clean milk at a reasonable 

 price that will compensate the producer for his trouble? I think 

 not. 



If certified milk can be put on the market with greater net 

 returns, then a part of our problems are solved. Figures that are 

 reliable on this point will do more than any one thing towards 

 having clean milk, provided it can be shown that it pays more than 

 the dairy that is run under the ordinary methods. If certified 

 milk plants cannot show favorable figures, then we can readily see 

 why we have no more dairies of that class. Here 'in California the 

 retail price is five cents per quart more for pure milk than for ordi- 

 nary milk. This difference of five cents is not enough when we 

 consider the cost of extra equipment, labor, icing and shipping, 

 and the loss of animals discarded as a result of tuberculin testing. 



Will the dairyman have co-operation in his venture to raise the 

 standard of milk? Yes; but how much I cannot say. The Milk 

 Commission will help to clean up his dairy and keep him fairly close 

 to the rules. But what his fellow dairymen will do I rather think 

 will be anything but to co-operate they will give him a hit here 

 and a hit there. This, of course, is not the right spirit, neverthe- 

 less it will be true. Men interested in clean milk will write long 

 articles on the subject, telling how essential it is that we should 

 use the clean article. He will also even tell how to keep the dairy 

 clean. These articles appear mainly in agricultural papers, and 

 therefore one of the main issues is lost, for the subject does not 

 come to the notice of those it is meant to reach the consumer. 



The stimulus for clean milk is the thing that is necessary, but it 

 must get to the vital point the consumer. Here is where co- 

 operation is most needed. Create a demand, and that demand, ii 

 great enough, will be satisfied. 



There is another phase, of the clean-milk proposition, and that 

 is the tuberculin test and its results. We know that it not only 

 takes very valuable animals from the herd, which is a source of 

 great loss to the owner, but it reduces patronage, the amount of 

 which one seldom knows until' he has had the experience. I can 



15. 



