reside in the same individual. Profitableness without soundness is 

 dangerous and regrettable, but soundness, without profits is an 

 aching void that cannot long maintain itself. Breeding establish- 

 ments for the rearing of sound profit-producing cows should be 

 operated in connection with certified dairies or independently as 

 feeders for the same. If the demand for this class of milk assumes 

 the proportions that its advocates claim for it, the fine-tooth-comb 

 method of collecting economic outcasts to replenish these dairies 

 will soon exhaust the supply. It should not be necessary for the 

 buyer to feel that he must avoid improved herds. The possibilities 

 of rearing sound stock of good breeding are so inviting that a little 

 encouragement along that line would contribute much toward 

 raising the standard of profits. The breeders of registered stuff 

 are realizing the value that soundness adds to their cattle, but there 

 is also an opportunity for the breeder of grades to meet a real need 

 by producing the kind of cow that will make her owner profits 

 from milk that is above suspicion. Such is the cow we seek, and 

 with her advent in sufficient numbers will come the solution of one 

 of the main difficulties in the milk-production problem. 



Discussion of paper, "The Milk-Production Problem," Prof. Her- 

 bert A. Hopper: 



Mr. F. V. Nelson: I have not much to say with regard to this 

 paper read by Professor Hopper. He referred to the fact of there 

 being some milk producers present, and I think they will agree 

 that no one could have presented the facts of the case better than 

 the professor has done. 



Mr. H. R. Timm, Dixon : I can hardly believe that pure breed 

 cattle are mostly diseased as Professor Hopper intimated, because 

 a great many men raising pure-breed cattle are keeping them 

 weeded out so as not to distribute the disease. I think there are 

 many herds which should be tested and are not. I do not know 

 whether he referred to my herd in making the comparisons. In 

 my herd I am weeding out all those animals that are not profitable, 

 and I will finally have a herd that I think will be an average one; 

 I have mostly Durhams, but am adding Holsteins as fast as I can; 

 I have a few Jerseys that I got in bands that I purchased. As Dr. 

 Adelaide Brown has stated, they do not want rich milk, and when- 

 ever they take a test of my milk or any other milk that is certified 

 and it runs over 5% we generally hear from them, so we have to 

 try to get cows that test from 3.5% to 3.7%, and the Holstein 

 seems to run the nearest to that average. 



Dr. E. C. Fleischner, San Francisco : In regard to the economic 

 question, if the production of the milk is going to prove a loss to 

 the men who endeavor to produce it, we must get the people to 

 pay more for it. We give the milk to the babies and patients 

 because we think that we get better results from its use, and the 

 people who believe as we do are willing to pay for it. It seems 

 discouraging if we must demand this milk from the producer with 

 a loss to him. 



Dr. F. H. McNair, Berkeley : The record of a Jersey herd in 

 New York State two or three years ago might interest you. The 

 owner had had the band in operation for about eight years, num- 

 bering 200 registered Jerseys. While his milk product was paying 



