IN EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 33 



| 



Artocarpus incisa, G. Forster.* 



The Tahiti Bread- Fruit Tree. It stretches in the Sandwich 

 island through cultivation almost beyond the tropics. The 

 oldest name of this well-known and remarkable tree is that 

 given in 1776 by R. & G. Forster, viz., A. communis. Accord- 

 ing to Dr. Seemann's excellent account seedless varieties exist 

 and others with entire leaves and smooth and variously shaped 

 and sized fruits, others again ripening earlier, others later, so 

 that ripe bread-fruit is obtainable more or less abundantly 

 throughout the year. The fruit is simply boiled or baked or 

 converted into more complicated kinds of food. The very 

 fibrous bark can be beaten into a sort of rough cloth. The 

 light would serve for canoes. The exudation issuing from 

 cuts made into the stem is in use for closing the seams of 

 canoes. 



Artocarpus integrifolia, Linne*. 



India. The famous Jack-Tree, ascending like the allied A. 

 Lakoocha (Roxburgh) to 4,000 feet. 



Arundinaria falcata, Nees. 



The Ringal or Ningala Bamboo of the Himalayas, at elevations 

 from 3,500 to 10,000 feet, forming close and dense thickets. 

 Foliage pale green. It rises to the height of 40 feet ; the canes 

 durable, attaining a diameter of only 4 inches, applied to 

 manifold useful purposes. This bamboo does not necessarily 

 require moisture. It is as hardy as the Pampas Grass and can 

 be propagated even in an English clime in the open air from 

 cuttings. In reference to various bamboos refer to the 

 Gardener's Chronicle of December 1876, also the Bulletin de la 

 Societe d'Acclimation de Paris, 1878. The closely allied Jur- 

 boota Bamboo of Nepal, which occurs only in the cold altitudes 

 of from 7, 000 to 10,000 feet, differs in solitary stems, not 

 growing in clumps. The Tham or Kaptur Bamboo is from a 

 still colder zone, at from 8,500 to 11,500 feet, only 500 feet or 

 less below the inferior limits of perpetual glaciers (Major 

 Madden) . 



Arundinaria Japonica, Siebold and Zuccarini. 



Japan, attains a height of from 6 to 12 feet. Hardy in the 

 south of England (Dr. Shapter). 



Arundinaria macrosperma, Michaux. 



Southern States of North America, particularly on the Missis- 

 sippi. This bamboo-like reed forms there the canebrakes. It 



