72 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



annual herb, valuable as a pulse for grazing animals. An 

 extensive article of human diet in India. Colonel Sykes 

 counted as many as 170 seeds on one plant. In Spain, next 

 to wheat, the most extensively used plant for human food 

 (Honourable Caleb Gushing). The seeds can be converted 

 into pea-meal or be used otherwise for culinary purposes. 



Cichorium Endivia, Linne. 



South Europe, Orient, Middle Asia. A biennial plant, used 

 since ancient times as a culinary vegetable. 



Cichorium Intybus, Linne. 



Chicory. A well-known perennial plant, indigenous to Europe, 

 North Africa, and North and West Asia. The roots much 

 used as a substitute for coffee. This plant requires a rich, 

 deep, loamy soil, but fresh manure is detrimental to the value 

 of the root. It is also a good fodder plant, especially for sheep. 

 The root can also be dressed and boiled for culinary purposes. 

 The leaves useful for salad. 



Cimicifuga racemosa, Elliott. 



The Black Snake Root of North America. A perennial herb 

 of medicinal value, the root possessing emetic properties. 



Cinchona Calisaya, Ruiz and Pavon.* 



Yellow Peru Bark Tree. Andes of Peru, New Granada, and 

 Bolivia, 5,000 to 6,000 feet above the ocean. This tree attains 

 a height of 40 feet. It yields the Yellow Bark, and also part 

 of the Crown Bark. It is one of the richest yielders of quinin, 

 and produces besides cinchonidin, but yields little of other 

 alkaloids. The most valuable species in Bengal, braving occa- 

 sional night frost. This has flowered at Berwick already, three 

 years ago, under the care of Mr. G. W. Robinson, from plants 

 supplied by the author, therefore as far south as Port Phillip. 

 It grows under conditions more limited than those of C. suc- 

 cirubra, nor is it so easily propagated. Not all its varieties 

 furnish bark of equal value. The Santa Fe variety ascends 

 the Andes of New Granada up to 10,000 feet and produces the 

 highly valuable soft Columbia Bark. 



Cinchona cordifolia, Mutis.* 



Peru and New Granada on the Andes, at between 6,000 and 

 8,000 feet elevation. Provides the hard Cartagena Bark or 

 West Pitaya Bark, one extremely rich in alkaloids. It is a 

 species of robust constitution, grows with rapidity and vigour. 



