IN EXTRA-TROPICAL COUNTRIES. 113 



name also Box Tree. To be regarded as a timber tree of great 

 excellence, on the authority of the Rev. Dr. Wools. It is 

 famous for the hardness and toughness of its timber, which is 

 used for railway sleepers, telegraph posts, shafts, spokes, 

 plough-beams, and similar utensils. 



Eucalyptus leucoxylon, F. v. Mueller. 



The ordinary Iron- Bark Tree of Victoria and some parts of 

 South Australia and New South Wales. It attains a height 

 of 100 feet, and supplies a valuable timber, possessing great 

 strength and hardness ; it is much prized for its durability by 

 carpenters, ship-builders, etc. It is largely employed by 

 wagon-builders for wheels, poles, etc. ; by ship-builders for top- 

 sides, treenails, the rudder (stock), belaying-pins, and other 

 purposes ; it is also used by turners for rough work. This is 

 considered the strongest wood in Victoria. It is much re- 

 commended for railway sleepers, and extensively used in 

 underground mining work. It is very extensively employed 

 for the handles of axes and other implements by Victorian 

 manufacturers. The price of the timber in the log is about 

 Zs. 5d. per cubic foot in Melbourne. As it is for some purposes 

 superior to that of almost any other Eucalyptus, the regular 

 culture of this tree over wide areas should be fostered, espe- 

 cially as it can be raised on stony ridges not readily available 

 for ordinary husbandry. The wood is sometimes pale, or in 

 other localities rather dark. The tree is generally restricted 

 to the lower Silurian sandstone and slate formation with iron- 

 stone and quartz. The bark is remarkably rich in kino 

 tannin, yielding up to 22 per cent, in the fresh state, but much 

 less after drying. The kino tanning is not equal in value to the 

 mimosa tannic acid from Acacia bark, but it is useful as a sub- 

 sidiary admixture when light-coloured leather is not aimed at. 

 As an astringent drug this kino is not without importance. 

 E. leucoxylon has, next to E. rostrata, thriven best about 

 Lucknow (in India) among the species tried there for forest 

 culture. E. sideroxylon is a synonym. 



Eucalyptus loxophleba, Bentham. 



The York Gum-Tree of extra- tropic West Australia. Attains 

 a height of about 100 feet and a stem 4 feet in diameter. 

 The wood is very tough and preferably sought in West Austra- 

 lia for naves and felloes of wheels, but is not suited for fence- 

 rails. Even when dry, it is heavier than water. 



Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha, F. v. Mueller. 



The common Stringy Bark Tree of Victoria, extending also to 



