156 SELECT PLANTS FOR INDUSTRIAL CULTURE 



furnishes a blue dye. The tree wants the mildest of climes 

 and the most fertile soil- 



Fraxinus sambucifolia, Lamarck. 



Black or Water Ash of North America. Attains a height of 

 80 feet. Wood still more tough and elastic than that of F. 

 Americana, but less durable when exposed. The wood is com- 

 paratively rich in potash, like that of most congeners. For 

 oars and implements it is inferior to that of the White Ash 

 (Simmonds). 



Fraxinus viridis, Michaux. 



The Green Ash of North America. Height 70 feet; wood 

 excellent, nearly as valuable as that of the White Ash, but 

 of less dimensions. The tree requires wet, shady woodlands. 



Frenela columellaris, F. v. Mueller. 



East Australia, on bare sandy coast tracts. Height up to 70 

 feet. Timber durable, fine-grained, fragrant, capable of a high 

 polish ; used for piles of wharves and sheeting of punts and 

 boats ; it resists the attacks of chelura and white ants ; the 

 roots are valued for veneers. The wood is also used for tele- 

 graph posts according to Mr. Thozet. Present market value 

 6 per 1,000 superficial feet. (Queensland Exhibition, 1878.) 



Frenela Macleayna, Parlatore. 



New South Wales. A handsome tree, of regular pyramidal 

 growth, attaining a height of 70 feet ; the timber is valuable. 



Frenela Parlatorei, F. v. Mueller. 



South Queensland. Recommended by Mr, F. M. Bailey as 

 a shade tree. It attains a height of 60 feet. Several other 

 Frenelas are worthy of forest culture. 



Frenela verrucosa, A. Cunningham. 



Through the greater part of Australia. Also several other 

 species from Victoria and other parts of Australia are among 

 the trees which may be utilised for binding the coast and 

 desert sand. They all exclude Sandarac. F. Endlicheri, Par- 

 latore, a very ornamental and graceful tree, attains according 

 to Hartmann a height of 100 feet, and supplies a beautiful 

 wood suitable for cabinet-making. Frenela wood is of a dark 

 . colour. 



Garcinia Travancorica, Beddome. 



Madras Presidency, up to elevations of 4,500 feet. This 



